Understanding Patho: CVS - Quiz 4
Questions and verified answers
What does IgE activation cause? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-complement, histamine, kinins and prostaglandins
secretion.
What do these mediators cause? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. increases capillary permeability that causes
extravasation of intravascular fluids resulting in edema and relative hypovolemia.
2. peripheral vasodilation that decreases SVR and causes relative hypovolemia.
3. constriction of extravascular smooth muscle = bronchoconstriction, laryngospasm, GI cramps.
The relative hypovolemia causes: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-decreases CO, tissue perfusion and impaired tissue
metabolism.
septic shock is caused by two categories. Those are: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. gram positive organisms =
exotoxins that secrete TLR-2.
The right heart is responsible for _________________ circulation. ✔️✔️Correct Ans-pulmonary
circulation. Pumps blood through the lungs.
The left heart is responsible for _________________ circulation. ✔️✔️Correct Ans-systemic
circulation. pumps blood through the body.
Blood travels from the lungs to the left atrium through the: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-pulmonary veins with
oxygenated blood.
Which ventricle is larger and why? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-the left ventricle is much larger than the right and
creates a much higher pressure to drive the movement of oxygenated blood throughout the body.
Where is the highest pressure in the cardiac circuit?
,lowest? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-highest = left ventricle.
lowest = right atrium.
The space between the lungs that contains the heart, major vessels and esophagus. ✔️✔️Correct Ans-
mediastinum.
What are the three layers of the heart? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. epicardium - outer layer, visceral layer of
the pericardium.
2. myocardium - composed of cardiac muscle, the myocytes allows for contractions.
3. endocardium - inner lining, endothelial layer that lines the lumen.
What does the endocardium allow for? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-allows for efficient flow of blood through the
heart and able to respond to changes in signal.
Also allows for increased membrane permeability when needed.
infection of the pericardium is:
Sx? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-pericarditis.
pain, increased friction, discomfort.
Three components of the pericardium: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. pericardial sac.
2. pericardial cavity.
3. pericardial fluid.
Where is the pericardial fluid located?
,function? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-this fluid is between the visceral (epicardium) and parietal pericardium.
it helps to decrease friction and damage.
What does an increase in pericardial fluid cause?
What is the typical cause of this? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-prevents adequate blood flow through the heart.
Does not allow for adequate contractions of the heart.
usually occurs d/t bleeding in the pericardium -- can be life threatening if occurs suddenly.
What is trabeculae carneae? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-muscle struts that help give structure and support to the
myocardium.
Papillary muscles arise from these to give support to the AV valves.
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
number of cusps/flaps? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-between the right atria and right ventricle.
This is an AV valve.
3.
Where is the mitral valve located?
number of cusps/flaps? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-between the left atria and left ventricle. This is the other AV
valve.
Looks like a bishops hat. 2 cusps/flaps.
Where are the semilunar valves located?
, name them. ✔️✔️Correct Ans-between the ventricles and the major arteries.
1. pulmonary semilunar valve - b/t right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
2. aortic semilunar valve - b/t left ventricle and aorta.
these can be prolapsed or stenosed, but typically not as likely as AV valves.
Which types of valves have chordae tendineae?
function? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-The AV valves.
These are attached to papillary muscles and support the valves. As the valve closes, the muscle
contracts to support the valve and flaps to prevent blood from being pushed back into the atrium. (like
an umbrella).
What happens if there is damage to the chordae tendineae? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-prolapse valve. Blood
will begin to regurgitate.
What are the purpose of the AV valves? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-to decrease or eliminate blood flow from the
ventricles to the atria. (prevent regurgitation).
Which valves are open/closed during diastole?
systole? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-Diastole - AV valves open, semilunar closed.
systole - AV closed, semilunar open.
The great vessels include: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. superior & interior venae cavae.
2. pulmonary artery - right/left.
3. pulmonary veins.
Questions and verified answers
What does IgE activation cause? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-complement, histamine, kinins and prostaglandins
secretion.
What do these mediators cause? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. increases capillary permeability that causes
extravasation of intravascular fluids resulting in edema and relative hypovolemia.
2. peripheral vasodilation that decreases SVR and causes relative hypovolemia.
3. constriction of extravascular smooth muscle = bronchoconstriction, laryngospasm, GI cramps.
The relative hypovolemia causes: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-decreases CO, tissue perfusion and impaired tissue
metabolism.
septic shock is caused by two categories. Those are: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. gram positive organisms =
exotoxins that secrete TLR-2.
The right heart is responsible for _________________ circulation. ✔️✔️Correct Ans-pulmonary
circulation. Pumps blood through the lungs.
The left heart is responsible for _________________ circulation. ✔️✔️Correct Ans-systemic
circulation. pumps blood through the body.
Blood travels from the lungs to the left atrium through the: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-pulmonary veins with
oxygenated blood.
Which ventricle is larger and why? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-the left ventricle is much larger than the right and
creates a much higher pressure to drive the movement of oxygenated blood throughout the body.
Where is the highest pressure in the cardiac circuit?
,lowest? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-highest = left ventricle.
lowest = right atrium.
The space between the lungs that contains the heart, major vessels and esophagus. ✔️✔️Correct Ans-
mediastinum.
What are the three layers of the heart? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. epicardium - outer layer, visceral layer of
the pericardium.
2. myocardium - composed of cardiac muscle, the myocytes allows for contractions.
3. endocardium - inner lining, endothelial layer that lines the lumen.
What does the endocardium allow for? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-allows for efficient flow of blood through the
heart and able to respond to changes in signal.
Also allows for increased membrane permeability when needed.
infection of the pericardium is:
Sx? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-pericarditis.
pain, increased friction, discomfort.
Three components of the pericardium: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. pericardial sac.
2. pericardial cavity.
3. pericardial fluid.
Where is the pericardial fluid located?
,function? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-this fluid is between the visceral (epicardium) and parietal pericardium.
it helps to decrease friction and damage.
What does an increase in pericardial fluid cause?
What is the typical cause of this? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-prevents adequate blood flow through the heart.
Does not allow for adequate contractions of the heart.
usually occurs d/t bleeding in the pericardium -- can be life threatening if occurs suddenly.
What is trabeculae carneae? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-muscle struts that help give structure and support to the
myocardium.
Papillary muscles arise from these to give support to the AV valves.
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
number of cusps/flaps? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-between the right atria and right ventricle.
This is an AV valve.
3.
Where is the mitral valve located?
number of cusps/flaps? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-between the left atria and left ventricle. This is the other AV
valve.
Looks like a bishops hat. 2 cusps/flaps.
Where are the semilunar valves located?
, name them. ✔️✔️Correct Ans-between the ventricles and the major arteries.
1. pulmonary semilunar valve - b/t right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
2. aortic semilunar valve - b/t left ventricle and aorta.
these can be prolapsed or stenosed, but typically not as likely as AV valves.
Which types of valves have chordae tendineae?
function? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-The AV valves.
These are attached to papillary muscles and support the valves. As the valve closes, the muscle
contracts to support the valve and flaps to prevent blood from being pushed back into the atrium. (like
an umbrella).
What happens if there is damage to the chordae tendineae? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-prolapse valve. Blood
will begin to regurgitate.
What are the purpose of the AV valves? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-to decrease or eliminate blood flow from the
ventricles to the atria. (prevent regurgitation).
Which valves are open/closed during diastole?
systole? ✔️✔️Correct Ans-Diastole - AV valves open, semilunar closed.
systole - AV closed, semilunar open.
The great vessels include: ✔️✔️Correct Ans-1. superior & interior venae cavae.
2. pulmonary artery - right/left.
3. pulmonary veins.
