NUR 631 2025 EXAMS MUST PASS!! GRADED A+
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound
healing because of which problem?
Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
Number of mast cells is insufficient. - ANS: C
In some cases, impaired healing is not directly associated
with aging, in general, but can instead be linked to a
chronic illness such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes
mellitus. Older adults may have circulatory problems, but
that would not lead directly to impaired inflammation and
wound healing. Older people do not have deficient
complement and chemotaxis, nor do they have insufficient
mast cell numbers.
In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and
undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?
Thymus gland
Regional lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Spleen - ANS: C
B lymphocytes mature and become B cells in specialized
(primary) lymphoid organs—the thymus gland for T cells
and the bone marrow for B cells. Neither regional lymph
,nodes nor the spleen are involved in changing B
lymphocytes into B cells.
An individual's acquired immunity is dependent on the
function of which cells? (Select all that apply.)
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Macrophages
Opsonins
Neutrophils - ANS: A, B, C
T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, and
dendritic cells are involved in acquired immunity.
Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for
destruction by cells of the inflammatory system; these
cells are primarily neutrophils. Neutrophils are white
blood cells.
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a
reaction that is mediated by which class of
immunoglobulins?
IgE
IgG
IgM
T cells - ANS: A
Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and
the products of tissue mast cells. The most common
allergies (e.g., pollen allergies) are type I reactions. In
,addition, most type I reactions occur against
environmental antigens and are therefore allergic. Hay
fever allergy is not mediated by IgG, IgM, or T cells.
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which
leukocyte is activated?
a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. T lymphocytes - ANS: C
Of the options provided, only eosinophils are activated
during IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what
causes bronchospasm?
a. Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of
anaphylaxis
b. Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic
antibody
c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound
to H1 receptors
d. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound
to H2 receptors - ANS: C
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, smooth
muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1
receptors results in bronchospasms. The bronchospasm is
, not caused by edema or by histamine binding to H2
receptors.
A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is
best?
a. Give the patient an antihistamine.
b. Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion.
c. Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site.
d. Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area. - ANS: A
Histamine is the most potent mediator in an IgE-mediated
hypersensitivity reaction (Type 1). Histamine bound to H2
results in the degranulation of mast cells with the release
of histamine. Blocking histamine receptors with
antihistamines can control some type I responses. The
healthcare professional would not need to give the patient
blood; warm; moist heat; or ask about pain.
A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II
hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the
professor is best?
a. Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that
signal its degranulation,
followed by a discharge of preformed mediators.
b. Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released
into body fluids, and the
immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Some older adults have impaired inflammation and wound
healing because of which problem?
Circulatory system cannot adequately perfuse tissues.
Complement and chemotaxis are deficient.
Underlying chronic illness(es) exists.
Number of mast cells is insufficient. - ANS: C
In some cases, impaired healing is not directly associated
with aging, in general, but can instead be linked to a
chronic illness such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes
mellitus. Older adults may have circulatory problems, but
that would not lead directly to impaired inflammation and
wound healing. Older people do not have deficient
complement and chemotaxis, nor do they have insufficient
mast cell numbers.
In which structure does B lymphocytes mature and
undergo changes that commit them to becoming B cells?
Thymus gland
Regional lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Spleen - ANS: C
B lymphocytes mature and become B cells in specialized
(primary) lymphoid organs—the thymus gland for T cells
and the bone marrow for B cells. Neither regional lymph
,nodes nor the spleen are involved in changing B
lymphocytes into B cells.
An individual's acquired immunity is dependent on the
function of which cells? (Select all that apply.)
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Macrophages
Opsonins
Neutrophils - ANS: A, B, C
T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, and
dendritic cells are involved in acquired immunity.
Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for
destruction by cells of the inflammatory system; these
cells are primarily neutrophils. Neutrophils are white
blood cells.
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a
reaction that is mediated by which class of
immunoglobulins?
IgE
IgG
IgM
T cells - ANS: A
Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and
the products of tissue mast cells. The most common
allergies (e.g., pollen allergies) are type I reactions. In
,addition, most type I reactions occur against
environmental antigens and are therefore allergic. Hay
fever allergy is not mediated by IgG, IgM, or T cells.
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which
leukocyte is activated?
a. Neutrophils
b. Monocytes
c. Eosinophils
d. T lymphocytes - ANS: C
Of the options provided, only eosinophils are activated
during IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what
causes bronchospasm?
a. Bronchial edema caused by the chemotactic factor of
anaphylaxis
b. Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic
antibody
c. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound
to H1 receptors
d. Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound
to H2 receptors - ANS: C
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, smooth
muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1
receptors results in bronchospasms. The bronchospasm is
, not caused by edema or by histamine binding to H2
receptors.
A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is
best?
a. Give the patient an antihistamine.
b. Prepare to give the patient a blood transfusion.
c. Ask the patient is he/she is having pain at the site.
d. Apply warm, moist heat to the affected area. - ANS: A
Histamine is the most potent mediator in an IgE-mediated
hypersensitivity reaction (Type 1). Histamine bound to H2
results in the degranulation of mast cells with the release
of histamine. Blocking histamine receptors with
antihistamines can control some type I responses. The
healthcare professional would not need to give the patient
blood; warm; moist heat; or ask about pain.
A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II
hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the
professor is best?
a. Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that
signal its degranulation,
followed by a discharge of preformed mediators.
b. Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released
into body fluids, and the
immune complexes are then deposited in the tissues.
