Clinical Biochemistry Exam 2 questions and answers latest top score.

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Clinical Biochemistry Exam 2 questions and
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answers latest top score. a a a

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epitope a- acorrect aanswers.An aAb amolecule ais aan aimmunoglobulin a(Ig) awith aa
afunctional


domain aknown aas aF(ab); athis aarea aof athe aIg aprotein abinds ato aa asite aon athe aAg. aAn
aAg ais a


relatively alarge aand acomplex aand ausually ahas amultiple asites athat acan abind ato
aantibodies a
a
(Abs) awith adifferent aspecificities; aeach asite aon athe aAg ais areferred ato aas aan
aantigenic
a
determinant aor

a_______________
a

hapten a- acorrect aanswers.small amolecule athat ahas ato abind ato aa alarger amolecule ato
aform aan a
a
antigen
a

The aaffinity afor athe aHp ais arelated ato athe alikelihood ato abind aor ato athe
adegree aof a
a
complementary anature aof
aeach
a

Affinity a- acorrect aanswers.is athe atendency aof aa achemical aspecies asuch aas aan
aatom aor a
a
molecule ato areact awith aanother ato aform aa achemical
acompound
a

avidity a- acorrect aanswers.refers ato athe aaccumulated astrength aof amultiple
aaffinities aof a
a
individual anon-covalent abinding

ainteractions
a

likely ahood aof aseparation a
a

,cross-reactivity a- acorrect aanswers.an aAb acan areact awith aan aAg athat ais astructurally
asimilar a
a
to athe ahomologous
aAg
a

radial aimmunodiffusion a(RID) a- acorrect aanswers.is aan aimmune aprecipitation amethod
aused a
a a
to aquantitate aprotein a(the
aAg).

In athis amethod, amonospecific aantiserum ais aadded ato athe aliquefied aagarose; athen, athe
aagarose ais apoured ainto aa aplate aand acooled. a a

Wells aare acut ainto athe asolidified aagarose. aMultiple astandards, aone aor amore aquality
acontrol asamples, aand apatient asamples aare aadded ato athe awells. a a

The aAg adiffuses afrom athe awell ain aall adirections, abinds ato athe asoluble aAb ain athe
aagarose, aand aforms aa acomplex aseen aas aa aconcentric aprecipitin aring. a a
a

The adiameter aof athe aring ais arelated ato athe aconcentration aof athe aAg athat adiffused
afrom athe a
a
well. aA astandard acurve ais aconstructed ato adetermine athe aconcentration ain athe
aquality
a a
control aand apatient

asamples.
a

The ausable aanalytic arange ais abetween athe alowest aand ahighest astandards. aIf athe aring
ais agreater athan athe ahighest astandard, athe asample ashould abe adiluted aand aretested. aIf

athe aring ais aless athan athe alowest astandard, athe asample ashould abe arun aon aa alow-level

aplate. aTwo avariations aexist: athe aendpoint a(Mancini) amethod aand athe akinetic a(Fahey-

McKelvey) amethod. a
a

Ouchterlony atechnique a- acorrect aanswers.The asimplest aand aleast asensitive
amethod ais a
a a
double
adiffusion.
a

Agarose ais aplaced aon aa asolid asurface aand aallowed ato asolidify. aWells aare acut ainto athe
aagarose. aA acommon atemplate ais asix aAb awells, asurrounding aa asingle aAg awell ain athe

acenter. aSoluble aAg aand asoluble aAb aare aadded ato aseparate awells aand adiffusion

aoccurs. aThe aintensity aand apattern aof athe aprecipitation aband aare ainterpreted. a
a
a
The aprecipitin aband aof aan aunknown asample ais acompared awith athe aprecipitin aband
aof aa


sample aknown ato acontain athe aAb. aA apattern aof aidentity aconfirms athe apresence aof athe
aAb ain a
a a
the aunknown asample. aPatterns aof apartial aidentity aand anonidentity aare
aambiguous.
a

, This atechnique acan abe aused ato adetect aAbs aassociated awith aautoimmune adiseases,
asuch


as aSm aand aribonucleoprotein adetected ain asystemic alupus aerythematosus, aSSA aand
aSSB ain aSjögren's asyndrome, aand aScl-70 ain aprogressive asystemic asclerosis.

aHowever, amost aof a
a
these aAbs aare aalso adetected ausing aenzyme-linked aimmunoassays aor amultiplex
abead
a
array asystems a(e.g., aLuminex
aCorp).
a

Fluorescence apolarization aimmunoassay a(FPIA) a- acorrect aanswers.is aanother aassay
athat a
a
uses aa afluorescent
alabel
a

This ahomogenous aimmunoassay auses apolarized alight ato aexcite athe afluorescent alabel.
aPolarized alight ais acreated awhen alight apasses athrough aspecial afilters aand aconsists aof

aparallel alight awaves aoriented ain aone aplane. aWhen apolarized alight ais aused ato aexcite aa

afluorescent alabel, athe aemitted alight acould abe apolarized aor adepolarized. aSmall

amolecules, asuch aas afree afluorescent-labeled aHp, arotate arapidly aand arandomly,

ainterrupting athe apolarized alight. a a
a

Larger amolecules, asuch aas athose acreated awhen athe afluorescent-labeled aHp abinds
ato aan a


Ab, arotate amore aslowly aand aemit apolarized alight aparallel ato athe aexcitation apolarized
alight. a
a

The apolarized alight ais ameasured aat aa a90° aangle acompared awith athe apath aof athe
aexcitation a
a
light. aIn aa acompetitive aFPIA, afluorescent-labeled aHp aand aunlabeled aHp ain athe
asample
a a
compete afor alimited aAb
asites.
a

When ano aunlabeled aHp ais apresent, athe alabeled aHp abinds amaximally ato athe aAb,
acreating a
a a
large acomplexes athat arotate aslowly aand aemit aa ahigh alevel aof apolarized
alight.
a

When aHp ais apresent, ait acompetes awith athe alabeled aHp afor athe aAb asites; aas athe aHp
aconcentration aincreases, amore alabeled aHp ais adisplaced aand ais afree. aThe afree

alabeled aHp arotates arapidly aand aemits aless apolarized alight. aThe adegree aof alabeled aHp

adisplacement ais ainversely arelated ato athe aamount aof aunlabeled aHp apresent a
a

Microparticle acapture aenzyme aimmunoassay a(MEIA) a- acorrect aanswers.is aan
aautomated aassay aavailable aon athe aAxSYM aAnalyzer a(Abbott aLaboratories). aThe