BIOCHEM FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
what form of glucose is added to glycogen in glycogen synthesis? - UDP-glucose
How is UDP-glucose synthesized?
Enzyme?
Is this reaction reversible?
What drives it? - glucose-1-phosphate and UTP
UDP-glucose pyrophosohorylase
yes
hydrolysis of PP
new glucose units are added to the ____ terminal residues of glycogen - nonreducing
UDP is replaced by the ____ group at C_ of the glycogen molecule - hydroxyl, 4
glycogen synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme _____ - glycogen synthase
primer for glycogen synthesis - glycogenin
how are branches formed during glycogen synthesis? - branching enzyme moves a chain
True of false: the activated form of glycogen synthase is phosphorylated - false
what stabilizes the inactive form of glycogen synthase - G6P
glycogen synthase kinase is under the control of ____ and _____ - insulin, protein kinase A
_____ catalyzes the regeneration of UTP from UDP
does this reaction require ATP - nucleoside diphosphokinase
yes
, __ molecules of ATP are hydorlyzed to incorporate dietary glucose into glycogen. Glycogen-derived
glucose generates __ molecules of ATP - 2
31
how are glycogen synthesis and breakdown reciprocally regulated? what hormones regulate? -
protein kinase A
glucagon and epinephrine
Protein kinase A ____ a phosphoryl group to phosphorylase kinase, _____ glycogen breakdown.
Glycogen synthase kinase and protein kinase A ____ a phosphoryl group to glycogen synthase, _____
glycogen synthesis. - add, stimulating
add, inhibiting
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) _____ phosphorylase a and phosphorylase kinase by _____ and ____
phosphoryl groups from glycogen synthase, _____ it. - inactivates, dephosphorylation, removes,
activating
insulin ____ glycogen synthesis by ____ glycogen synthase kinase - stimulates, inactivating
Glycogen metabolism in the liver regulates ______ - blood-glucose concentration
_____ is the glucose sensor in liver cells - phosphorylase a
The conversion of phosphorylase a into b is accompanied by the release of PP1, which ____ glycogen
synthase and ____ glycogen phosphorylase - activate, inactivate
In the preparatory step of fatty acid synthesis, ____ is transferred from the ____, where it is
produced, to the ____, the site of fatty acid synthesis. It is transported in the form of ____, which is
cleaved to yield _____ and _____. - Acetyl CoA
mitochondria, cytoplasm
citrate
acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate
ACCURATE ANSWERS
what form of glucose is added to glycogen in glycogen synthesis? - UDP-glucose
How is UDP-glucose synthesized?
Enzyme?
Is this reaction reversible?
What drives it? - glucose-1-phosphate and UTP
UDP-glucose pyrophosohorylase
yes
hydrolysis of PP
new glucose units are added to the ____ terminal residues of glycogen - nonreducing
UDP is replaced by the ____ group at C_ of the glycogen molecule - hydroxyl, 4
glycogen synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme _____ - glycogen synthase
primer for glycogen synthesis - glycogenin
how are branches formed during glycogen synthesis? - branching enzyme moves a chain
True of false: the activated form of glycogen synthase is phosphorylated - false
what stabilizes the inactive form of glycogen synthase - G6P
glycogen synthase kinase is under the control of ____ and _____ - insulin, protein kinase A
_____ catalyzes the regeneration of UTP from UDP
does this reaction require ATP - nucleoside diphosphokinase
yes
, __ molecules of ATP are hydorlyzed to incorporate dietary glucose into glycogen. Glycogen-derived
glucose generates __ molecules of ATP - 2
31
how are glycogen synthesis and breakdown reciprocally regulated? what hormones regulate? -
protein kinase A
glucagon and epinephrine
Protein kinase A ____ a phosphoryl group to phosphorylase kinase, _____ glycogen breakdown.
Glycogen synthase kinase and protein kinase A ____ a phosphoryl group to glycogen synthase, _____
glycogen synthesis. - add, stimulating
add, inhibiting
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) _____ phosphorylase a and phosphorylase kinase by _____ and ____
phosphoryl groups from glycogen synthase, _____ it. - inactivates, dephosphorylation, removes,
activating
insulin ____ glycogen synthesis by ____ glycogen synthase kinase - stimulates, inactivating
Glycogen metabolism in the liver regulates ______ - blood-glucose concentration
_____ is the glucose sensor in liver cells - phosphorylase a
The conversion of phosphorylase a into b is accompanied by the release of PP1, which ____ glycogen
synthase and ____ glycogen phosphorylase - activate, inactivate
In the preparatory step of fatty acid synthesis, ____ is transferred from the ____, where it is
produced, to the ____, the site of fatty acid synthesis. It is transported in the form of ____, which is
cleaved to yield _____ and _____. - Acetyl CoA
mitochondria, cytoplasm
citrate
acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate
