HIEU 202 Exam 1 Questions and answers
2025
Conditions .of .life .in .Early .Modern .Europe .- .ANS✓✓-*Unstable
Feudal .order .eroding- .nobles, .peasants
*World .of .death- ."nasty, .brutish, .short", .poverty .was .the .norm, .average .lifespan
.of .25-27 .years
*The .killers: .WAR, .plague .(Black .Death .killed .⅓ .of .population), .childbirth,
.starvation, .hygiene
*Marriage/Family- .basic .unit .of .society .and .economy, .extended .family,
.unpredictability .of .life .put .pressure .to .marry .young, .marriages .broken .by
.death, .sense .of .community
Louis .XIV .- .ANS✓✓-(1638-1715) .Known .as .the .Sun .King, .he .was .an .absolute
.monarch .that .completely .controlled .France. .One .of .his .greatest
.accomplishments .was .the .building .of .the .palace .at .Versailles.
The .Society .of .Orders .- .ANS✓✓-(Estate)- .3 .tiers, .1st .Clergy .(priests), .2nd
.Aristocracy .(knights/law), .3rd .(everyone .else/workers, .98%, .craftsman,
.peasants, .farmers), .each .group .had .laws, .aristocrats .couldn't .be .involved .in
.business, .Jews .were .hindered, .class .determined .by .birth
Versailles .- .ANS✓✓-A .palace .built .by .Louis .XIV .outside .of .Paris; .it .was .home
.to .Louis .XVI .and .Marie .Antoinette
The .traditional .economy .- .ANS✓✓-An .economy .in .which .production .is .based
.on .customs .and .traditions .and .economic .roles .are .typically .passed .down .from
.one .generation .to .the .next.
Siege .of .Vienna .- .ANS✓✓-(1683) .Ottoman .Empire .attemped .to .invade .Vienna
.but .they .were .stopped .by .Leopold .I
The .Agricultural .Revolution .- .ANS✓✓-1400s, .pre-industrial .needed .6 .people
.working .to .feed .10, .produced .enough .to .eat, .family .was .prominent .production,
.commerce .was .trade/barter, .no .government .central .economy, .church .provides
.welfare, .work .was .seasonal .and .task-oriented, .time .was .season-oriented,
.farmers .changed .from .3 .field .1 .fallow .to .4 .field .green .rotation, .potato
.introduced(easy .and .nutritious)
, War .of .the .Spanish .Succession .- .ANS✓✓-a .conflict, .lasting .from .1701 .to .1713,
.in .which .a .number .of .European .states .fought .to .prevent .the .Bourbon .family
.from .controlling .Spain .as .well .as .France, .
This .was .the .war .between .France .and .Spain .in .order .to .unite .the .two .states
.under .one .ruler, .Phillip .V
Guilds .- .ANS✓✓-"guilds" .oversee .trades .for .standards .of .production .and
.regulate .prices .and .oversaw .promotion
Common .Law .- .ANS✓✓-A .legal .system .based .on .custom .and .court .rulings
The .Commercial .Revolution .- .ANS✓✓-necessities .made .at .home .farm, .trained
.craftsman .for .wood .and .silk .etc., ."guilds" .oversee .trades .for .standards .of
.production .and .regulate .prices .and .oversaw .promotion, .7 .year .servant .idea
.came .from .Bible, .change .in .surplus .from .productivity, .merchants .sold .surplus,
.surplus .reinvested .economy, .economic .divisions .in .population .of .producers
.and .owners, .elite, .source .of .wealth .wasn't .just .owning .land .but .turned .to
.production/commerce
Parliament .- .ANS✓✓-Britain's .law-making .assembly
Marco .Polo .- .ANS✓✓-17, .Venetian .merchant, .traveled .to .China, .Silk .Route,
.spices, .medicine, .published .account .and .gave .awareness .of .China
Charles .I .- .ANS✓✓-King .of .England, .Scotland, .and .Ireland .(1625-1649). .His
.power .struggles .with .Parliament .resulted .in .the .English .Civil .War .(1642-1648)
.in .which .Charles .was .defeated. .He .was .tried .for .treason .and .beheaded .in .1649
The .Renaissance .- .ANS✓✓-"rebirth"; .following .the .Middle .Ages, .a .movement
.that .centered .on .the .revival .of .interest .in .the .classical .learning .of .Greece .and
.Rome, .
Italy, .Dark .Ages, .Greek .intellectuals .flee .Turks .and .go .to .Italy, .Florence .was
.assembly .of .talent
English .Civil .War .- .ANS✓✓-Conflict .from .1640 .to .1660; .featured .religious
.disputes .mixed .with .constitutional .issues .concerning .the .powers .of .the
.monarchy; .ended .with .restoration .of .the .monarchy .in .1660 .following .execution
.of .previous .king
The .Age .of .Discovery .- .ANS✓✓-a .period .of .time .from .the .15th .to .17th .century
.in .which .Europeans .explored .and .mapped .the .world
increased .knowledge .of .world .and .resources, .improved .nautical .technology
.and .cartography, .emergence .of .wealthy .nation-states, .Marco .Polo .(17, .Venetian
.merchant, .traveled .to .China, .Silk .Route, .spices, .medicine, .published .account
.and .gave .awareness .of .China), .1453 .Turks .closed .Silk .Route .to .China,
.Christopher .Columbus
2025
Conditions .of .life .in .Early .Modern .Europe .- .ANS✓✓-*Unstable
Feudal .order .eroding- .nobles, .peasants
*World .of .death- ."nasty, .brutish, .short", .poverty .was .the .norm, .average .lifespan
.of .25-27 .years
*The .killers: .WAR, .plague .(Black .Death .killed .⅓ .of .population), .childbirth,
.starvation, .hygiene
*Marriage/Family- .basic .unit .of .society .and .economy, .extended .family,
.unpredictability .of .life .put .pressure .to .marry .young, .marriages .broken .by
.death, .sense .of .community
Louis .XIV .- .ANS✓✓-(1638-1715) .Known .as .the .Sun .King, .he .was .an .absolute
.monarch .that .completely .controlled .France. .One .of .his .greatest
.accomplishments .was .the .building .of .the .palace .at .Versailles.
The .Society .of .Orders .- .ANS✓✓-(Estate)- .3 .tiers, .1st .Clergy .(priests), .2nd
.Aristocracy .(knights/law), .3rd .(everyone .else/workers, .98%, .craftsman,
.peasants, .farmers), .each .group .had .laws, .aristocrats .couldn't .be .involved .in
.business, .Jews .were .hindered, .class .determined .by .birth
Versailles .- .ANS✓✓-A .palace .built .by .Louis .XIV .outside .of .Paris; .it .was .home
.to .Louis .XVI .and .Marie .Antoinette
The .traditional .economy .- .ANS✓✓-An .economy .in .which .production .is .based
.on .customs .and .traditions .and .economic .roles .are .typically .passed .down .from
.one .generation .to .the .next.
Siege .of .Vienna .- .ANS✓✓-(1683) .Ottoman .Empire .attemped .to .invade .Vienna
.but .they .were .stopped .by .Leopold .I
The .Agricultural .Revolution .- .ANS✓✓-1400s, .pre-industrial .needed .6 .people
.working .to .feed .10, .produced .enough .to .eat, .family .was .prominent .production,
.commerce .was .trade/barter, .no .government .central .economy, .church .provides
.welfare, .work .was .seasonal .and .task-oriented, .time .was .season-oriented,
.farmers .changed .from .3 .field .1 .fallow .to .4 .field .green .rotation, .potato
.introduced(easy .and .nutritious)
, War .of .the .Spanish .Succession .- .ANS✓✓-a .conflict, .lasting .from .1701 .to .1713,
.in .which .a .number .of .European .states .fought .to .prevent .the .Bourbon .family
.from .controlling .Spain .as .well .as .France, .
This .was .the .war .between .France .and .Spain .in .order .to .unite .the .two .states
.under .one .ruler, .Phillip .V
Guilds .- .ANS✓✓-"guilds" .oversee .trades .for .standards .of .production .and
.regulate .prices .and .oversaw .promotion
Common .Law .- .ANS✓✓-A .legal .system .based .on .custom .and .court .rulings
The .Commercial .Revolution .- .ANS✓✓-necessities .made .at .home .farm, .trained
.craftsman .for .wood .and .silk .etc., ."guilds" .oversee .trades .for .standards .of
.production .and .regulate .prices .and .oversaw .promotion, .7 .year .servant .idea
.came .from .Bible, .change .in .surplus .from .productivity, .merchants .sold .surplus,
.surplus .reinvested .economy, .economic .divisions .in .population .of .producers
.and .owners, .elite, .source .of .wealth .wasn't .just .owning .land .but .turned .to
.production/commerce
Parliament .- .ANS✓✓-Britain's .law-making .assembly
Marco .Polo .- .ANS✓✓-17, .Venetian .merchant, .traveled .to .China, .Silk .Route,
.spices, .medicine, .published .account .and .gave .awareness .of .China
Charles .I .- .ANS✓✓-King .of .England, .Scotland, .and .Ireland .(1625-1649). .His
.power .struggles .with .Parliament .resulted .in .the .English .Civil .War .(1642-1648)
.in .which .Charles .was .defeated. .He .was .tried .for .treason .and .beheaded .in .1649
The .Renaissance .- .ANS✓✓-"rebirth"; .following .the .Middle .Ages, .a .movement
.that .centered .on .the .revival .of .interest .in .the .classical .learning .of .Greece .and
.Rome, .
Italy, .Dark .Ages, .Greek .intellectuals .flee .Turks .and .go .to .Italy, .Florence .was
.assembly .of .talent
English .Civil .War .- .ANS✓✓-Conflict .from .1640 .to .1660; .featured .religious
.disputes .mixed .with .constitutional .issues .concerning .the .powers .of .the
.monarchy; .ended .with .restoration .of .the .monarchy .in .1660 .following .execution
.of .previous .king
The .Age .of .Discovery .- .ANS✓✓-a .period .of .time .from .the .15th .to .17th .century
.in .which .Europeans .explored .and .mapped .the .world
increased .knowledge .of .world .and .resources, .improved .nautical .technology
.and .cartography, .emergence .of .wealthy .nation-states, .Marco .Polo .(17, .Venetian
.merchant, .traveled .to .China, .Silk .Route, .spices, .medicine, .published .account
.and .gave .awareness .of .China), .1453 .Turks .closed .Silk .Route .to .China,
.Christopher .Columbus
