Solution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research A Workbook for
Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition Susan Grove Daisha
,Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
Measurement: Nominal, 1
The qquestions qare qin qbold qfollowed qby qanswers.
1. In qTable q1, qidentify qthe qlevel qof qmeasurement qfor qthe qcurrent qtherapy qvariable. qProvide
qa qrationale qfor qyour qanswer.
Answer: qThe qcurrent qtherapy qvariable qwas qmeasured qat qthe qnominal qlevel. qThese qdrug
qcategories qwere qprobably qdeveloped qto qbe qexhaustive qfor qthis qstudy qand qincluded qthe
qcategories qof qdrugs qthe qsubjects qwere qreceiving. qHowever, qthe qcategories qare qnot qexclusive,
qsince qpatients qare qusually qon qmore qthan qone qcategory qof qthese qdrugs qto qmanage qtheir qhealth
qproblems. qThe qcurrent qtherapies qare qnot qmeasured qat qthe qordinal qlevel qbecause qthey qcannot qbe
qrank qordered, qsince qno qdrug qcategory qcan qbe qconsidered qmore qor qless qbeneficial qthan qanother
qdrug qcategory q(see qFigure q1-1; qGrove q& qGray, q2019).
2. What qis qthe qmode qfor qthe qcurrent qtherapy qvariable qin qthis qstudy? qProvide qa qrationale
qfor q your qanswer.
Answer: qThe qmode qfor qcurrent q therapy q was qβ qblocker. q A qtotal q of q 100 q(94%) qof qthe q cardiac qpatients
were q receiving q this q category q of q drug, q which q was q the q most q common q prescribed q drug q for
q this qsample.
3. What qstatistics qwere qconducted qto qdescribe qthe qBMI qof qthe qcardiac qpatients qin qthis
qsample? qDiscuss qwhether qthese qanalysis qtechniques qwere qappropriate qor qinappropriate.
Answer: qBMI qwas qdescribed qwith qa qmean qand qstandard qdeviation q(SD). qBMI qmeasurement
qresulted qin qratio-level qdata qwith qcontinuous qvalues qand qan qabsolute qzero q(Stone q& qFrazier,
q2017). qRatio- qlevel qdata qshould qbe qanalyzed qwith qparametric qstatistics qsuch qas qthe qmean qand
qSD q(Grove q& qGray, q2017; qKnapp, q2017).
4. Researchers qused qthe qfollowing qitem qto qmeasure qregistered qnurses’ q(RNs) qincome qin qa qstudy:
q What qcategory qidentifies qyour qcurrent qincome qas qan qRN?
a. Less qthan q$50,000
b. $50,000 qto q59,999
c. $60,000 qto q69,999
d. $70,000 qto q80,000
e. $80,000 qor qgreater
What qlevel qof qmeasurement qis qthis qincome qvariable? qDoes qthe qincome qvariable qfollow
qthe qrules qoutlined qin qFigure q1-1? q Provide qa qrationale qfor qyour qanswer.
Answer: qIn qthis qexample, qthe qincome qvariable qis qmeasured qat qthe qordinal qlevel. qThe qincome
qcatego- qries q are q exhaustive, q ranging q from q less q than q $50,000 q to q greater q than q $80,000. q The
q two q open-ended
AG q1-1
,AG q1-2 Answer qGuidelines qfor qQuestions qto qBe qGraded
categories qensure qthat qall qsalary qlevels qare qcovered. qThe qcategories qare qnot qexclusive, qsince
qcatego- qries q(d) qand q(e) qinclude qan q$80,000 qsalary, qso qstudy qparticipants qmaking q$80,000
qmight qmark qeither q(d) qor q(e) qor qboth qcategories, qresulting qin qerroneous qdata. qCategory q(e)
qcould qbe qchanged q to qgreater qthan q$80,000, qmaking qthe qcategories qexclusive. qThe qcategories
qcan qbe qrank qordered qfrom qthe qlowest qsalary qto qthe qhighest qsalary, qwhich qis qconsistent qwith
qordinal qdata q(Grove q& qGray, q2019; qWaltz qet qal., q2017).
5. What qlevel qof qmeasurement qis qthe qCDS qscore? qProvide qa qrationale qfor qyour qanswer.
Answer: qThe qCDS qscore qis qat qthe qinterval qlevel qof qmeasurement. qThe qCDS qis qa q26-item
qLikert qscale qdeveloped qto qmeasure qdepression qin qcardiac qpatients. qStudy qparticipants qrated
qtheir qsymp- qtoms qon qa qscale qof q1 qto q7, qwith qhigher qnumbers qindicating qincreased qseverity qin
qthe qdepression qsymptoms. qThe qtotal qscores qfor qeach qsubject qobtained qfrom qthis qmulti-item
qscale qare qconsidered qto qbe qat qthe qinterval qlevel qof qmeasurement q(Gray qet qal., q2017; qWaltz qet
qal., q2017).
5. q Were qnonparametric qor qparametric qanalysis qtechniques qused qto qanalyze qthe qCDS qscores
qfor qthe qcardiac qpatients qin qthis qstudy? qProvide qa qrationale qfor qyour qanswer.
Answer: qParametric qstatistics, qsuch qas qmean qand qSD, qwere qconducted qto qdescribe qCDS qscores
q for qstudy qparticipants q(see qTable q1). qCDS qscores qare qinterval-level qdata qas qindicated qin
qQuestions q5, qso qparametric qstatistics qare qappropriate qfor qthis qlevel qof qdata q(Gray qet qal., q2017;
qKim q& qMallory, q2017).
7. q Is qthe qprevalence qof qdepression qlinked qto qthe qNYHA qclass? qDiscuss qthe qclinical
qimportance qof qthis qresult.
Answer: qThe qstudy qnarrative qindicated qthat qthe qprevalence qof qdepression qincreased qwith qthe
qgreater qNYHA qclass. qIn qNYHA qclass qIII, q64% qof qthe qsubjects qwere qdepressed, qwhereas q11% qof
qthe qsubjects qwere qdepressed qin qNYHA qclass qI. qThus, qas qthe qNYHA qclass qincreased, qthe qnumber
qof qsub- qjects qwith qdepression qincreased. qThis qis qan qexpected qfinding qbecause qas qthe qNYHA qclass
qincreases, qcardiac qpatients qhave qmore qsevere qphysical qsymptoms, qwhich qusually qresult qin
qemotional qdistress, qsuch qas qdepression. qNurses qneed qto qactively qassess qcardiac qpatients qfor
qdepression, qespecially qthose q in qhigher qNYHA qclasses, qso qthey qmight qbe qdiagnosed qand
qtreated qas qneeded.
8. q What qfrequency qand qpercent qof qcardiac qpatients qin qthis qstudy qwere qnot qbeing qtreated
qwith qan qantidepressant? qShow qyour qcalculations qand qround qyour qanswer qto qthe qnearest
qwhole qpercent q(%).
Answer: q A q total q of q 106 q cardiac q patients q participated q in q this q study. q The q sample
q included q 15 q patients q who q were q receiving q an q antidepressant q (see q Table q 1). q The
q number q of q cardiac qpatients q not q treated q for q depression q was q 91 q (106 q – q 15 q = q91). q The
q group q percent q is q calculated qby q the q following q formula: q (group q frequency q ÷ qtotal
q sample q size) q × q100%. q For q this q study, q(91 q patients q ÷ q106 q sample q size) q × q100%
q = q0.858 q × q100% q = q85.8% q = q86%. q The q final qanswer q is q rounded q to q the q nearest
q whole q percent q as q directed q in q the q question. q You q could q have qalso qsubtracted qthe q14% qof
qpatients qtreated qwith qantidepressants qfrom q100% qand qobtained qthe q86% qwho qwere qnot qtreated
qwith qan qantidepressant.
t. q What qwas qthe qpurpose qof qthe q5-minute qwalk qtest q(5MWT)? qWould qthe q5MWT qbe
quseful qin qclinical qpractice?
Answer: qHa qet qal. q(2018) qstated, q“The q6-min qwalk qtest q(6MWT) qis qa qmeasure qof qthe
qsubmaximal, qsteady-state qfunctional qcapacity” qof qcardiac qpatients. qThis qtest qwould qbe qa
qquick, qeasy qway qto qdetermine q a q cardiac q patient’s q functional q status q in q a q clinical
q setting. q This q functional q status qscore q could q be q used q to q determine q the q treatment q plan q to
q promote q or q maintain q functional q status qof qcardiac qpatients.
, Answer qGuidelines qfor qQuestions qto qBe qGraded AG q1-3
10. q How qwas qexercise qconfidence qmeasured qin qthis qstudy? qWhat qwas qthe qlevel qof
qmeasurement qfor qthe qexercise qconfidence qvariable qin qthis qstudy? qProvide qa qrationale
qfor qyour qanswer. qAnswer: qExercise qconfidence qof qthe qpatients qwith qheart qfailure q(HF) qin qthis
qstudy qwas qmeasured qwith qthe qExercise qConfidence qScale qthat qincluded qfour qsubscales qfocused
qon qwalking, qclimbing, qlifting qobjects qof qgraded qweight, qand qrunning q(see qthe qstudy
qnarrative). qThis qwas qa qrating qscale qwith qvalues qranging qfrom q0 qto q100. qThe qpatients’ qscores qfor
qthe qTotal qExercise qConfidence qscale qand qthe qsubscales qwere qconsidered qinterval-level qdata
qand qanalyzed qwith qparametric qstatistics, qsuch qas qmeans qand qSDs q(see qthe qstudy qnarrative;
qWaltz qet qal., q2017).
Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition Susan Grove Daisha
,Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded
Measurement: Nominal, 1
The qquestions qare qin qbold qfollowed qby qanswers.
1. In qTable q1, qidentify qthe qlevel qof qmeasurement qfor qthe qcurrent qtherapy qvariable. qProvide
qa qrationale qfor qyour qanswer.
Answer: qThe qcurrent qtherapy qvariable qwas qmeasured qat qthe qnominal qlevel. qThese qdrug
qcategories qwere qprobably qdeveloped qto qbe qexhaustive qfor qthis qstudy qand qincluded qthe
qcategories qof qdrugs qthe qsubjects qwere qreceiving. qHowever, qthe qcategories qare qnot qexclusive,
qsince qpatients qare qusually qon qmore qthan qone qcategory qof qthese qdrugs qto qmanage qtheir qhealth
qproblems. qThe qcurrent qtherapies qare qnot qmeasured qat qthe qordinal qlevel qbecause qthey qcannot qbe
qrank qordered, qsince qno qdrug qcategory qcan qbe qconsidered qmore qor qless qbeneficial qthan qanother
qdrug qcategory q(see qFigure q1-1; qGrove q& qGray, q2019).
2. What qis qthe qmode qfor qthe qcurrent qtherapy qvariable qin qthis qstudy? qProvide qa qrationale
qfor q your qanswer.
Answer: qThe qmode qfor qcurrent q therapy q was qβ qblocker. q A qtotal q of q 100 q(94%) qof qthe q cardiac qpatients
were q receiving q this q category q of q drug, q which q was q the q most q common q prescribed q drug q for
q this qsample.
3. What qstatistics qwere qconducted qto qdescribe qthe qBMI qof qthe qcardiac qpatients qin qthis
qsample? qDiscuss qwhether qthese qanalysis qtechniques qwere qappropriate qor qinappropriate.
Answer: qBMI qwas qdescribed qwith qa qmean qand qstandard qdeviation q(SD). qBMI qmeasurement
qresulted qin qratio-level qdata qwith qcontinuous qvalues qand qan qabsolute qzero q(Stone q& qFrazier,
q2017). qRatio- qlevel qdata qshould qbe qanalyzed qwith qparametric qstatistics qsuch qas qthe qmean qand
qSD q(Grove q& qGray, q2017; qKnapp, q2017).
4. Researchers qused qthe qfollowing qitem qto qmeasure qregistered qnurses’ q(RNs) qincome qin qa qstudy:
q What qcategory qidentifies qyour qcurrent qincome qas qan qRN?
a. Less qthan q$50,000
b. $50,000 qto q59,999
c. $60,000 qto q69,999
d. $70,000 qto q80,000
e. $80,000 qor qgreater
What qlevel qof qmeasurement qis qthis qincome qvariable? qDoes qthe qincome qvariable qfollow
qthe qrules qoutlined qin qFigure q1-1? q Provide qa qrationale qfor qyour qanswer.
Answer: qIn qthis qexample, qthe qincome qvariable qis qmeasured qat qthe qordinal qlevel. qThe qincome
qcatego- qries q are q exhaustive, q ranging q from q less q than q $50,000 q to q greater q than q $80,000. q The
q two q open-ended
AG q1-1
,AG q1-2 Answer qGuidelines qfor qQuestions qto qBe qGraded
categories qensure qthat qall qsalary qlevels qare qcovered. qThe qcategories qare qnot qexclusive, qsince
qcatego- qries q(d) qand q(e) qinclude qan q$80,000 qsalary, qso qstudy qparticipants qmaking q$80,000
qmight qmark qeither q(d) qor q(e) qor qboth qcategories, qresulting qin qerroneous qdata. qCategory q(e)
qcould qbe qchanged q to qgreater qthan q$80,000, qmaking qthe qcategories qexclusive. qThe qcategories
qcan qbe qrank qordered qfrom qthe qlowest qsalary qto qthe qhighest qsalary, qwhich qis qconsistent qwith
qordinal qdata q(Grove q& qGray, q2019; qWaltz qet qal., q2017).
5. What qlevel qof qmeasurement qis qthe qCDS qscore? qProvide qa qrationale qfor qyour qanswer.
Answer: qThe qCDS qscore qis qat qthe qinterval qlevel qof qmeasurement. qThe qCDS qis qa q26-item
qLikert qscale qdeveloped qto qmeasure qdepression qin qcardiac qpatients. qStudy qparticipants qrated
qtheir qsymp- qtoms qon qa qscale qof q1 qto q7, qwith qhigher qnumbers qindicating qincreased qseverity qin
qthe qdepression qsymptoms. qThe qtotal qscores qfor qeach qsubject qobtained qfrom qthis qmulti-item
qscale qare qconsidered qto qbe qat qthe qinterval qlevel qof qmeasurement q(Gray qet qal., q2017; qWaltz qet
qal., q2017).
5. q Were qnonparametric qor qparametric qanalysis qtechniques qused qto qanalyze qthe qCDS qscores
qfor qthe qcardiac qpatients qin qthis qstudy? qProvide qa qrationale qfor qyour qanswer.
Answer: qParametric qstatistics, qsuch qas qmean qand qSD, qwere qconducted qto qdescribe qCDS qscores
q for qstudy qparticipants q(see qTable q1). qCDS qscores qare qinterval-level qdata qas qindicated qin
qQuestions q5, qso qparametric qstatistics qare qappropriate qfor qthis qlevel qof qdata q(Gray qet qal., q2017;
qKim q& qMallory, q2017).
7. q Is qthe qprevalence qof qdepression qlinked qto qthe qNYHA qclass? qDiscuss qthe qclinical
qimportance qof qthis qresult.
Answer: qThe qstudy qnarrative qindicated qthat qthe qprevalence qof qdepression qincreased qwith qthe
qgreater qNYHA qclass. qIn qNYHA qclass qIII, q64% qof qthe qsubjects qwere qdepressed, qwhereas q11% qof
qthe qsubjects qwere qdepressed qin qNYHA qclass qI. qThus, qas qthe qNYHA qclass qincreased, qthe qnumber
qof qsub- qjects qwith qdepression qincreased. qThis qis qan qexpected qfinding qbecause qas qthe qNYHA qclass
qincreases, qcardiac qpatients qhave qmore qsevere qphysical qsymptoms, qwhich qusually qresult qin
qemotional qdistress, qsuch qas qdepression. qNurses qneed qto qactively qassess qcardiac qpatients qfor
qdepression, qespecially qthose q in qhigher qNYHA qclasses, qso qthey qmight qbe qdiagnosed qand
qtreated qas qneeded.
8. q What qfrequency qand qpercent qof qcardiac qpatients qin qthis qstudy qwere qnot qbeing qtreated
qwith qan qantidepressant? qShow qyour qcalculations qand qround qyour qanswer qto qthe qnearest
qwhole qpercent q(%).
Answer: q A q total q of q 106 q cardiac q patients q participated q in q this q study. q The q sample
q included q 15 q patients q who q were q receiving q an q antidepressant q (see q Table q 1). q The
q number q of q cardiac qpatients q not q treated q for q depression q was q 91 q (106 q – q 15 q = q91). q The
q group q percent q is q calculated qby q the q following q formula: q (group q frequency q ÷ qtotal
q sample q size) q × q100%. q For q this q study, q(91 q patients q ÷ q106 q sample q size) q × q100%
q = q0.858 q × q100% q = q85.8% q = q86%. q The q final qanswer q is q rounded q to q the q nearest
q whole q percent q as q directed q in q the q question. q You q could q have qalso qsubtracted qthe q14% qof
qpatients qtreated qwith qantidepressants qfrom q100% qand qobtained qthe q86% qwho qwere qnot qtreated
qwith qan qantidepressant.
t. q What qwas qthe qpurpose qof qthe q5-minute qwalk qtest q(5MWT)? qWould qthe q5MWT qbe
quseful qin qclinical qpractice?
Answer: qHa qet qal. q(2018) qstated, q“The q6-min qwalk qtest q(6MWT) qis qa qmeasure qof qthe
qsubmaximal, qsteady-state qfunctional qcapacity” qof qcardiac qpatients. qThis qtest qwould qbe qa
qquick, qeasy qway qto qdetermine q a q cardiac q patient’s q functional q status q in q a q clinical
q setting. q This q functional q status qscore q could q be q used q to q determine q the q treatment q plan q to
q promote q or q maintain q functional q status qof qcardiac qpatients.
, Answer qGuidelines qfor qQuestions qto qBe qGraded AG q1-3
10. q How qwas qexercise qconfidence qmeasured qin qthis qstudy? qWhat qwas qthe qlevel qof
qmeasurement qfor qthe qexercise qconfidence qvariable qin qthis qstudy? qProvide qa qrationale
qfor qyour qanswer. qAnswer: qExercise qconfidence qof qthe qpatients qwith qheart qfailure q(HF) qin qthis
qstudy qwas qmeasured qwith qthe qExercise qConfidence qScale qthat qincluded qfour qsubscales qfocused
qon qwalking, qclimbing, qlifting qobjects qof qgraded qweight, qand qrunning q(see qthe qstudy
qnarrative). qThis qwas qa qrating qscale qwith qvalues qranging qfrom q0 qto q100. qThe qpatients’ qscores qfor
qthe qTotal qExercise qConfidence qscale qand qthe qsubscales qwere qconsidered qinterval-level qdata
qand qanalyzed qwith qparametric qstatistics, qsuch qas qmeans qand qSDs q(see qthe qstudy qnarrative;
qWaltz qet qal., q2017).
