D313 Latest Study Material with Complete
Solutions 2025
Myocardium - ANSWER muscular, middle layer of the heart.
Contains cardiac muscle fibers
Where is the base of the heart located? - ANSWER At the third costal cartilage
Where is the apex of the heart located? - ANSWER 5th intercostal space, midclavicular
line
Layers of the heart from outer to inner
(Heart only) - ANSWER Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Layers of the heart from outer to inner (six layers) - ANSWER Fiberous pericardium
Parietal layer of serious pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
function of pericardium - ANSWER protects the heart and retains its position in the
mediastinum
,Serosal pericardium - ANSWER Closed sac composed of two thin layers (visceral and
parietal) with a narrow cavity (pericardial cavity) between them filled with pericardial
fluid.
Function of the serosal pericardium - ANSWER Reduces friction as the heart beats
What layer of the heart covers the heart valves? - ANSWER endocardium
Pericardium - ANSWER A thin, fluid filled sac that covers the outer surface of the heart
pericardial cavity - ANSWER A narrow cavity filled with pericardial fluid
Pericardial fluid - ANSWER Thin serous fluid found in the pericardial cavity
Pathway of blood through the heart - ANSWER Right atrium,
tricuspid valve,
right ventricle,
pulmonary semilunar valve,
pulmonary trunk,
pulmonary arteries,
lungs,
pulmonary veins,
left atrium,
bicuspid (mitral) valve,
left ventricle,
aortic semilunar valve
,Venules - ANSWER small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
Blood goes from the inferior and superior vena cava to... - ANSWER Right atrium
Valve after right atrium - ANSWER Tricuspid valve
Right AV valve
Tricuspid valve leads to - ANSWER right ventricle
What valve does the right ventricle send blood through? - ANSWER Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary vein leads to the - ANSWER left atrium
Blood goes from the left atrium through what valve? - ANSWER Mitral valve
Left AV valve
Mitral valve leads to what chamber - ANSWER Left ventricle
Blood exits, the left ventricle through what valve? - ANSWER Aortic valve
Three main types of arteries - ANSWER 1. Elastic arteries (conducting arteries)
2. Muscular arteries (distributing arteries)
3. Arterioles (resistance vessels)
layers of arteries and veins - ANSWER tunica interna,
, tunica media,
tunica externa
layers of arterioles and venules - ANSWER Tunica interns,
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Function of elastic arteries - ANSWER stretch when blood is forced out of the heart, and
recoil under low pressure
layers of capillaries - ANSWER only tunica intima
Muscular arteries (distributing arteries) - ANSWER lack elastic fibers in the walls.
Smooth muscles maintain, sustained pressure.
Well-defined walls
Repeatedly branch until they reach their target organ
Arterioles (resistance vessels) - ANSWER Thin, porous, microscopic arteries that feed
blood to the capillaries
Terminal end of atrerioles - ANSWER Metarteriole
What regulates blood flow in arterioles - ANSWER Sympathetic nerves
Solutions 2025
Myocardium - ANSWER muscular, middle layer of the heart.
Contains cardiac muscle fibers
Where is the base of the heart located? - ANSWER At the third costal cartilage
Where is the apex of the heart located? - ANSWER 5th intercostal space, midclavicular
line
Layers of the heart from outer to inner
(Heart only) - ANSWER Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Layers of the heart from outer to inner (six layers) - ANSWER Fiberous pericardium
Parietal layer of serious pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
function of pericardium - ANSWER protects the heart and retains its position in the
mediastinum
,Serosal pericardium - ANSWER Closed sac composed of two thin layers (visceral and
parietal) with a narrow cavity (pericardial cavity) between them filled with pericardial
fluid.
Function of the serosal pericardium - ANSWER Reduces friction as the heart beats
What layer of the heart covers the heart valves? - ANSWER endocardium
Pericardium - ANSWER A thin, fluid filled sac that covers the outer surface of the heart
pericardial cavity - ANSWER A narrow cavity filled with pericardial fluid
Pericardial fluid - ANSWER Thin serous fluid found in the pericardial cavity
Pathway of blood through the heart - ANSWER Right atrium,
tricuspid valve,
right ventricle,
pulmonary semilunar valve,
pulmonary trunk,
pulmonary arteries,
lungs,
pulmonary veins,
left atrium,
bicuspid (mitral) valve,
left ventricle,
aortic semilunar valve
,Venules - ANSWER small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
Blood goes from the inferior and superior vena cava to... - ANSWER Right atrium
Valve after right atrium - ANSWER Tricuspid valve
Right AV valve
Tricuspid valve leads to - ANSWER right ventricle
What valve does the right ventricle send blood through? - ANSWER Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary vein leads to the - ANSWER left atrium
Blood goes from the left atrium through what valve? - ANSWER Mitral valve
Left AV valve
Mitral valve leads to what chamber - ANSWER Left ventricle
Blood exits, the left ventricle through what valve? - ANSWER Aortic valve
Three main types of arteries - ANSWER 1. Elastic arteries (conducting arteries)
2. Muscular arteries (distributing arteries)
3. Arterioles (resistance vessels)
layers of arteries and veins - ANSWER tunica interna,
, tunica media,
tunica externa
layers of arterioles and venules - ANSWER Tunica interns,
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Function of elastic arteries - ANSWER stretch when blood is forced out of the heart, and
recoil under low pressure
layers of capillaries - ANSWER only tunica intima
Muscular arteries (distributing arteries) - ANSWER lack elastic fibers in the walls.
Smooth muscles maintain, sustained pressure.
Well-defined walls
Repeatedly branch until they reach their target organ
Arterioles (resistance vessels) - ANSWER Thin, porous, microscopic arteries that feed
blood to the capillaries
Terminal end of atrerioles - ANSWER Metarteriole
What regulates blood flow in arterioles - ANSWER Sympathetic nerves
