NSG 2050 Exam 2 with Correct Solutions |
Already Passed
What is nephrolithiasis?
Kidney stones
What is the only thing that causes pain in the ureters?
Renal colic - distention of ureters
What is hydronephrosis? What could this cause?
Water backup into the kidney? May cause retroperitoneal bleed if the renal capsule
bursts due to pressure
How do you prevent kidney stones?
Stay mobile and drink
How many mls of urine can an adult bladder easily hold?
600 mL
How long is the urethra (M/F)?
1.5-2.5 in/7-8 in
Who has a higher risk for UTIs?
Females
What is the main force of urination?
Contraction of the detrusor muscle
How many mL may trigger voiding?
,200 mL
When do children usually get potty-trained?
2-3 (daytime) and 5-6 (nighttime)
Is the urinary sphincter contracted or relaxed during urination?
Relaxed (it contracts when you are "holding it")
What is spastic bladder?
Detrusor is touchy and contraction is strong
What is flaccid bladder?
Non-responsive bladder, only responds to huge stimuli
What is the one thing that is decreased in ALL urinary diseases?
GFR
What is a Pre-renal disease?
Problem starts before the kidney, causing decreased renal perfusion (heart or BV issue)
What is a Intra-renal disease?
Problem originating in the kidney, causing decreased renal filtration (condition will
begin with nephro-)
What is a Post-renal disease?
Problem starts after the kidney that affects the kidney (like hydronephrosis)
What two diseases cause peripheral neuropathy, which decreases ability to recognize
the need to void?
Diabetes and MS
, Does caffeine increase or decrease urination? What about alcohol?
Increases urination (both inhibit ADH)
Does fever increase or decrease urination?
Decreases urination (inflammation and increased evaporation/sweating)
Does surgery/anesthetics increase or decrease urination?
Decreases (Surgery - NPO, shock, S-ANS stimulation)
What effect do anticholinergics have on the output of urine?
Decreases it
What is a general statement regarding the expected amount of urine output?
Anything that increases fluid loss (other than by voiding) will decrease urine output
Review: what are cholinergic effects?
Parasympathetic activation (acetylcholine)
Review: what are adrenergic effects?
Sympathetic activation (adrenaline); aka "anticholinergics"
What is urinary retention?
Incomplete emptying of the bladder
What tool can you use to check for urinary retention?
Bladder scanner
What is urinary retention WITH overflow?
Pt still puts out SOME urine, but they are retaining a lot
Already Passed
What is nephrolithiasis?
Kidney stones
What is the only thing that causes pain in the ureters?
Renal colic - distention of ureters
What is hydronephrosis? What could this cause?
Water backup into the kidney? May cause retroperitoneal bleed if the renal capsule
bursts due to pressure
How do you prevent kidney stones?
Stay mobile and drink
How many mls of urine can an adult bladder easily hold?
600 mL
How long is the urethra (M/F)?
1.5-2.5 in/7-8 in
Who has a higher risk for UTIs?
Females
What is the main force of urination?
Contraction of the detrusor muscle
How many mL may trigger voiding?
,200 mL
When do children usually get potty-trained?
2-3 (daytime) and 5-6 (nighttime)
Is the urinary sphincter contracted or relaxed during urination?
Relaxed (it contracts when you are "holding it")
What is spastic bladder?
Detrusor is touchy and contraction is strong
What is flaccid bladder?
Non-responsive bladder, only responds to huge stimuli
What is the one thing that is decreased in ALL urinary diseases?
GFR
What is a Pre-renal disease?
Problem starts before the kidney, causing decreased renal perfusion (heart or BV issue)
What is a Intra-renal disease?
Problem originating in the kidney, causing decreased renal filtration (condition will
begin with nephro-)
What is a Post-renal disease?
Problem starts after the kidney that affects the kidney (like hydronephrosis)
What two diseases cause peripheral neuropathy, which decreases ability to recognize
the need to void?
Diabetes and MS
, Does caffeine increase or decrease urination? What about alcohol?
Increases urination (both inhibit ADH)
Does fever increase or decrease urination?
Decreases urination (inflammation and increased evaporation/sweating)
Does surgery/anesthetics increase or decrease urination?
Decreases (Surgery - NPO, shock, S-ANS stimulation)
What effect do anticholinergics have on the output of urine?
Decreases it
What is a general statement regarding the expected amount of urine output?
Anything that increases fluid loss (other than by voiding) will decrease urine output
Review: what are cholinergic effects?
Parasympathetic activation (acetylcholine)
Review: what are adrenergic effects?
Sympathetic activation (adrenaline); aka "anticholinergics"
What is urinary retention?
Incomplete emptying of the bladder
What tool can you use to check for urinary retention?
Bladder scanner
What is urinary retention WITH overflow?
Pt still puts out SOME urine, but they are retaining a lot
