NSG 2050 Exams Quizzlet 2 with Correct
Solutions | Pass Assured
0.5
minimum adult urine output = _______ mL/kg/hr
Malnutrition identification
- lab values
- physical appearance
- fatigue
- skin integrity
- patient history
- hair strength and texture
- BMI and weight
- diet screening tools
Risks of malnutrition
- linked to hospitalizations and readmissions
- higher mortality rates
- increased costs
- leads to infections
- delays healing
- skin breakdown
- decreases muscle ad GI function
Patient history (nutrition)
- weight changes, loss or gain
- food preferences and eating patterns
,- values, beliefs, and attitudes
- socioeconomic status
- physical access to food
Objective nutritional measures
- height and weight
- diagnosis
- weight change
- comorbidities
Malnutrition risk factors
- unintentional weight loss
- modified diet
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- inability to ingest, digest, or absorb nutrients
- burns or wounds
Albumin
indicator of chronic malnutrition; 20-22 day half-life, lags behind actual protein changes
by 2 weeks
Range: 3.4-5.4 g/dL
Prealbumin
indicator of acute illness and current nutritional status; half life of 2 days
Range: 16-40 mg/dL
Albumin, prealbumin
,proteins synthesized by liver may not be indicative of nutrition when body is in state of
trauma or inflammation
C-reactive protein (CRP)
protein indicator that is elevated during state of inflammation; positive result with low
albumin or prealbumin indicates inflammation not malnutrition
Nitrogen balance
calculation of protein burned vs. protein intake; needs to be 2-3 g positive to heal, fight
infection and for other body processes
Positive nitrogen balance
anabolic state; gaining protein/muscle
Negative nitrogen balance
catabolic state; losing protein/muscle
Cachectic
Extremely skinny, bony, malnourished
Integumentary signs of malnutrition
- dry, brittle, sparse hair that lacks luster
- brittle, rigid nails
- cool, dry skin with decreased tone and elasticity
Respiratory signs of malnutrition
decreased rate with a weak cough
Cardiovascular signs of malnutrition
, - decreased HR
- decreased BP
- dysrhythmias because of low electrolytes
Neurological signs of malnutrition
- decreased reflexes
- confusion
- peripheral neuropathy
Musculoskeletal signs of malnutrition
- decreased muscle mass
- poor muscle tone
- wasted appearance
- bony structures
- fractures
Anthropometry
the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body; BMI is
most common
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing or ingesting
Dysphagia causes
- aging
- stroke or other neurological diseases
- trauma and surgery
- cancer and masses
Solutions | Pass Assured
0.5
minimum adult urine output = _______ mL/kg/hr
Malnutrition identification
- lab values
- physical appearance
- fatigue
- skin integrity
- patient history
- hair strength and texture
- BMI and weight
- diet screening tools
Risks of malnutrition
- linked to hospitalizations and readmissions
- higher mortality rates
- increased costs
- leads to infections
- delays healing
- skin breakdown
- decreases muscle ad GI function
Patient history (nutrition)
- weight changes, loss or gain
- food preferences and eating patterns
,- values, beliefs, and attitudes
- socioeconomic status
- physical access to food
Objective nutritional measures
- height and weight
- diagnosis
- weight change
- comorbidities
Malnutrition risk factors
- unintentional weight loss
- modified diet
- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- inability to ingest, digest, or absorb nutrients
- burns or wounds
Albumin
indicator of chronic malnutrition; 20-22 day half-life, lags behind actual protein changes
by 2 weeks
Range: 3.4-5.4 g/dL
Prealbumin
indicator of acute illness and current nutritional status; half life of 2 days
Range: 16-40 mg/dL
Albumin, prealbumin
,proteins synthesized by liver may not be indicative of nutrition when body is in state of
trauma or inflammation
C-reactive protein (CRP)
protein indicator that is elevated during state of inflammation; positive result with low
albumin or prealbumin indicates inflammation not malnutrition
Nitrogen balance
calculation of protein burned vs. protein intake; needs to be 2-3 g positive to heal, fight
infection and for other body processes
Positive nitrogen balance
anabolic state; gaining protein/muscle
Negative nitrogen balance
catabolic state; losing protein/muscle
Cachectic
Extremely skinny, bony, malnourished
Integumentary signs of malnutrition
- dry, brittle, sparse hair that lacks luster
- brittle, rigid nails
- cool, dry skin with decreased tone and elasticity
Respiratory signs of malnutrition
decreased rate with a weak cough
Cardiovascular signs of malnutrition
, - decreased HR
- decreased BP
- dysrhythmias because of low electrolytes
Neurological signs of malnutrition
- decreased reflexes
- confusion
- peripheral neuropathy
Musculoskeletal signs of malnutrition
- decreased muscle mass
- poor muscle tone
- wasted appearance
- bony structures
- fractures
Anthropometry
the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body; BMI is
most common
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing or ingesting
Dysphagia causes
- aging
- stroke or other neurological diseases
- trauma and surgery
- cancer and masses
