SOC 3900 Final Exam 2027/2028 –Graded A+ The
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In a true experimental design, a researcher uses random assignment to designate two groups: one
that receives experimental treatment and one that does not. - True
Quasi-experimental designs are distinguished from true experimental designs because they lack
control groups. - False
Laboratory experiments tend to have high external validity, but low internal validity - False
A regression effect occurs when the experimental group performs consistently better due to being
studied. - False
In actuality, the experimental effect in the Hawthorne experiment was likely the result of selection
bias. - True
Which of the following is a potential source of internal invalidity that is associated with the staff of
the experiment? - Self-fulfilling Prophecy & Instrument Decay
Between the experimental treatment and the post-test, subjects may drop out, talk to members of
the comparison group, or mature. These are all problems associated with: - Internal Invalidity
While conducting a before-and-after quasi-experiment on fire preparedness at a local university and
before the post-test was administered, a major fire occurs in a dorm on campus. Although the post-
test showed increased fire preparedness, the researchers could not conclude that their experimental
treatment was the cause. What source of internal invalidity were the researchers mostly likely
concerned about? - External Events
A random distribution of benefits is ethical in experiments when: - A researcher does not know if an
experimental treatment will have beneficial effects or if funding does not allow all subjects to receive
treatment
,Because staff expectations can change the way that subjects respond to an experimental treatment,
some experiments employ this design in which neither the subject nor the staff knows who is getting
the experimental treatment: - Double blind Design
To ensure that the treatment is being delivered as planned, many experiments take periodic
measures throughout the experiment. This is known as: - Process Analysis
What experimental or quasi-experimental design contains a pretest, a treatment, and a posttest, but
no control group? - Before and After Design
A researcher studies the effect of admitting men on the performance of women in traditionally all
female colleges. For the study, she selects two traditionally all-female colleges that are of
comparable size, have comparable admission requirements and costs, and attract a similar type of
student. One of these colleges is soon to begin admitting men. She obtains academic aptitude scores
for all the women in both colleges before the men were admitted. One year after men are admitted
to one college, the researcher again obtains academic aptitude scores for women at both colleges.
She compares the score for the two colleges to identify the effect of the college admitting men. The
college that did not admit men in this design is the - Control Group designated before the treatment
occurred
A researcher studies the effect of admitting men on the performance of women in traditionally all
female colleges. For the study, she selects two traditionally all-female colleges that are of
comparable size, have comparable admission requirements and costs, and attract a similar type of
student. One of these colleges is soon to begin admitting men. She obtains academic aptitude scores
for all the women in both colleges before the men were admitted. One year after men are admitted
to one college, the researcher again obtains academic aptitude scores for women at both colleges.
She compares the score for the two colleges to identify the effect of the college admitting men. What
quasi-experimental design is this study? - Non-equivalent control group
By design, a true experiment conducted in a laboratory should be able to establish all but which of
the following criteria for determining that a causal relation exists between two variables -
Identification of the mechanism by which the treatment has its effect
Electronic surveys are a good, inexpensive way to conduct research on the general population. (142-
143) - False
The order of questions on a questionnaire may influence how respondents answer questions. - True
, The following is an example of a double-barreled question: do you agree or disagree that presidential
elections should reflect the popular vote? - False
Cover letters can be form letters, and need not be personalized. - False
Web surveys handle filter questions poorly, so they should be avoided. - False
Which is an example of a double-barreled question: - Do you agree or disagree that state budgets
should be reduced and public finances made more transparent?
A respondent must be able to classify himself or herself into one and only one of the response
categories of a survey question. This means that response categories must be: - Mutually Exclusice &
Exhaustive
What method of survey administration has the greatest ability to use complex surveys? - In person
interviews
Phone surveys are able to reach unlisted numbers through which technique? - Random Digit Dialing
Which of the following is an example of a question with a double negative? - Do you disagree with
not increasing funding for girls' sports?
A filter question creates: - A skip pattern
Skip Pattern? - The unique combination of questions created in a survey by filter questions &
contingent questions
Contingent Question? - A question that is asked of only a subset of survey respondents
Cognitive Interview? - A technique for evaluating questions in which researchers ask ppl test
questions, & then probe w/ follow-up questions to learn how they understood the question and
what their answers mean
A person who considers his or her opinion as neutral is known as a: - Fence-sitter
Ultimate Study Resource You Can Trust!
In a true experimental design, a researcher uses random assignment to designate two groups: one
that receives experimental treatment and one that does not. - True
Quasi-experimental designs are distinguished from true experimental designs because they lack
control groups. - False
Laboratory experiments tend to have high external validity, but low internal validity - False
A regression effect occurs when the experimental group performs consistently better due to being
studied. - False
In actuality, the experimental effect in the Hawthorne experiment was likely the result of selection
bias. - True
Which of the following is a potential source of internal invalidity that is associated with the staff of
the experiment? - Self-fulfilling Prophecy & Instrument Decay
Between the experimental treatment and the post-test, subjects may drop out, talk to members of
the comparison group, or mature. These are all problems associated with: - Internal Invalidity
While conducting a before-and-after quasi-experiment on fire preparedness at a local university and
before the post-test was administered, a major fire occurs in a dorm on campus. Although the post-
test showed increased fire preparedness, the researchers could not conclude that their experimental
treatment was the cause. What source of internal invalidity were the researchers mostly likely
concerned about? - External Events
A random distribution of benefits is ethical in experiments when: - A researcher does not know if an
experimental treatment will have beneficial effects or if funding does not allow all subjects to receive
treatment
,Because staff expectations can change the way that subjects respond to an experimental treatment,
some experiments employ this design in which neither the subject nor the staff knows who is getting
the experimental treatment: - Double blind Design
To ensure that the treatment is being delivered as planned, many experiments take periodic
measures throughout the experiment. This is known as: - Process Analysis
What experimental or quasi-experimental design contains a pretest, a treatment, and a posttest, but
no control group? - Before and After Design
A researcher studies the effect of admitting men on the performance of women in traditionally all
female colleges. For the study, she selects two traditionally all-female colleges that are of
comparable size, have comparable admission requirements and costs, and attract a similar type of
student. One of these colleges is soon to begin admitting men. She obtains academic aptitude scores
for all the women in both colleges before the men were admitted. One year after men are admitted
to one college, the researcher again obtains academic aptitude scores for women at both colleges.
She compares the score for the two colleges to identify the effect of the college admitting men. The
college that did not admit men in this design is the - Control Group designated before the treatment
occurred
A researcher studies the effect of admitting men on the performance of women in traditionally all
female colleges. For the study, she selects two traditionally all-female colleges that are of
comparable size, have comparable admission requirements and costs, and attract a similar type of
student. One of these colleges is soon to begin admitting men. She obtains academic aptitude scores
for all the women in both colleges before the men were admitted. One year after men are admitted
to one college, the researcher again obtains academic aptitude scores for women at both colleges.
She compares the score for the two colleges to identify the effect of the college admitting men. What
quasi-experimental design is this study? - Non-equivalent control group
By design, a true experiment conducted in a laboratory should be able to establish all but which of
the following criteria for determining that a causal relation exists between two variables -
Identification of the mechanism by which the treatment has its effect
Electronic surveys are a good, inexpensive way to conduct research on the general population. (142-
143) - False
The order of questions on a questionnaire may influence how respondents answer questions. - True
, The following is an example of a double-barreled question: do you agree or disagree that presidential
elections should reflect the popular vote? - False
Cover letters can be form letters, and need not be personalized. - False
Web surveys handle filter questions poorly, so they should be avoided. - False
Which is an example of a double-barreled question: - Do you agree or disagree that state budgets
should be reduced and public finances made more transparent?
A respondent must be able to classify himself or herself into one and only one of the response
categories of a survey question. This means that response categories must be: - Mutually Exclusice &
Exhaustive
What method of survey administration has the greatest ability to use complex surveys? - In person
interviews
Phone surveys are able to reach unlisted numbers through which technique? - Random Digit Dialing
Which of the following is an example of a question with a double negative? - Do you disagree with
not increasing funding for girls' sports?
A filter question creates: - A skip pattern
Skip Pattern? - The unique combination of questions created in a survey by filter questions &
contingent questions
Contingent Question? - A question that is asked of only a subset of survey respondents
Cognitive Interview? - A technique for evaluating questions in which researchers ask ppl test
questions, & then probe w/ follow-up questions to learn how they understood the question and
what their answers mean
A person who considers his or her opinion as neutral is known as a: - Fence-sitter
