NBME CBSE BASIC PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM LATEST
2024/ 2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
chemical name - ANSWER describes drug's chemical components and
molecular structure
generic name - ANSWER given by US adopted name council and used in
official catalogs of listed drugs
trade name - ANSWER proprietary name- commercial use restricted to
owner/patent manufacturer of drug
pharmacokinetic phase - ANSWER study of what the body does to the drug
molecules- includes processes of the movement of the druge through the
body by
-absorption
-distribution
-biotransformation
-excretion
pharmacodynamics - ANSWER process by which cell physiology is altered
by a drug- mechanism of action
-drug receptor interactions
-enzyme interactions
-non selective
pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER focuses on clinical use of drugs to
prevent and treat disease
-what in the body changes in response to drug
-cellular processes that change to response to presence of drug molecules
-mechanisms of actions
toxicology - ANSWER study of adverse effects of drugs/chemicals in the
body
disintegation - ANSWER breakdown of a dosage in the GI tract- once
druge disintegrates it can enter a solution
,dissolution - ANSWER dissolving of solid dosage forms and their
absorption from the GI tract fluids
-enters a solution as a solute particles -CAN BE DISSOLVED
enteral - ANSWER GI tract
topicals - ANSWER skin
parentral - ANSWER vein
injected into blood stream
drug dissolution - ANSWER dissolving of solid dosage forms and their
absoroption from GI tract fljids
sustained release - ANSWER lasts days, little released at time, keep
steady drug concentration in body over time
liquid - ANSWER prep for oral and enteral routes are NOT sterile
IV - ANSWER liquid prep for _ route MUST be sterile
topicals - ANSWER applied to skin and/or mucous membranes
parentral - ANSWER injectable forms
-must be sterile
-IV, IM
subcutaneous - ANSWER fat
intramuscular - ANSWER muscle
intravenous - ANSWER vein
oral - ANSWER most common
-safe
-inexpensive
enteral - ANSWER directly into stomach or small intestine via tube
,sublingual - ANSWER absorbed into higly vascularized tissue under tongue
mucosa
buccal - ANSWER against mucous membrane of mouth
cheek
transdermal - ANSWER patch directly to skin medication gradually diffuses
through skin to produce systematic response
epidermis of skin - ANSWER lipid barrier
=allows absorption of lipid soluble substances
intravenous - ANSWER provides most rapid, predictable effects
-IV DOESNT EQUAL PO DOSAGE
intramuscular - ANSWER injected into muscle mass
intradermal - ANSWER implanted into dermal pockets or into or just under
skin layer
pharmacokinetics - ANSWER describes MOVEMENT of drugs through
body
absorption - ANSWER movement of drug from side of administration into
blood stream
distribution - ANSWER movement of drug through blood streeam into
tissues and then cells
metabolism - ANSWER changing of drug into other stubstances
bioavailability - ANSWER express extent of drug absorption
-proportion of the drug administered that is available to produce the desired
effect
oral - ANSWER longer to be absorbed because must be broken down
parenteral (IV) - ANSWER already dissolved and absorbed rapidly
IM or SQ injections - ANSWER absorbed by small capillaries fairly quickly
, topical - ANSWER amount of surface area affects rates of absorption
first pass effect - ANSWER reduces availibility of a drug to less than 100%
oral and enteral druggs - ANSWER have less than 100% bioavailibility
-because pass through small intestine to liver before entering circulation
IV drugs - ANSWER have 100% bioavailibility
-greater risk for adverse and toxic effects
fat soluble - ANSWER most meds are _ and need to become water soluble
to excrete
drug distribution - ANSWER transport of drug by the blood stream to its site
of action
-depends on:
-blood flow, drugs availability to leave blood, ability to enter cell
-FAT INTERFERES WITH DRUGS
barriers - ANSWER impaired blood flow/cardiac output/ regional ciirculation
changes distribution of drug to area
-poor blood supply slows healing of abscess in fat tissue and solid tumor
cores
blood brain barrier - ANSWER prevents to drug distribution to brain
infections
protein binding - ANSWER if drug molecules bind with plasma protein,
becomes TOO BIG to cross through walls of capillaries into tissues where
its needed. -
-it just circulates in the blood stream and is considered bound and inactive
unbound drug molecules are - ANSWER free and active
-can get through the bloodstream and capillaries and heal!
more unbound free drug molecules - ANSWER increases risk of drug
toxicity
2024/ 2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
chemical name - ANSWER describes drug's chemical components and
molecular structure
generic name - ANSWER given by US adopted name council and used in
official catalogs of listed drugs
trade name - ANSWER proprietary name- commercial use restricted to
owner/patent manufacturer of drug
pharmacokinetic phase - ANSWER study of what the body does to the drug
molecules- includes processes of the movement of the druge through the
body by
-absorption
-distribution
-biotransformation
-excretion
pharmacodynamics - ANSWER process by which cell physiology is altered
by a drug- mechanism of action
-drug receptor interactions
-enzyme interactions
-non selective
pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER focuses on clinical use of drugs to
prevent and treat disease
-what in the body changes in response to drug
-cellular processes that change to response to presence of drug molecules
-mechanisms of actions
toxicology - ANSWER study of adverse effects of drugs/chemicals in the
body
disintegation - ANSWER breakdown of a dosage in the GI tract- once
druge disintegrates it can enter a solution
,dissolution - ANSWER dissolving of solid dosage forms and their
absorption from the GI tract fluids
-enters a solution as a solute particles -CAN BE DISSOLVED
enteral - ANSWER GI tract
topicals - ANSWER skin
parentral - ANSWER vein
injected into blood stream
drug dissolution - ANSWER dissolving of solid dosage forms and their
absoroption from GI tract fljids
sustained release - ANSWER lasts days, little released at time, keep
steady drug concentration in body over time
liquid - ANSWER prep for oral and enteral routes are NOT sterile
IV - ANSWER liquid prep for _ route MUST be sterile
topicals - ANSWER applied to skin and/or mucous membranes
parentral - ANSWER injectable forms
-must be sterile
-IV, IM
subcutaneous - ANSWER fat
intramuscular - ANSWER muscle
intravenous - ANSWER vein
oral - ANSWER most common
-safe
-inexpensive
enteral - ANSWER directly into stomach or small intestine via tube
,sublingual - ANSWER absorbed into higly vascularized tissue under tongue
mucosa
buccal - ANSWER against mucous membrane of mouth
cheek
transdermal - ANSWER patch directly to skin medication gradually diffuses
through skin to produce systematic response
epidermis of skin - ANSWER lipid barrier
=allows absorption of lipid soluble substances
intravenous - ANSWER provides most rapid, predictable effects
-IV DOESNT EQUAL PO DOSAGE
intramuscular - ANSWER injected into muscle mass
intradermal - ANSWER implanted into dermal pockets or into or just under
skin layer
pharmacokinetics - ANSWER describes MOVEMENT of drugs through
body
absorption - ANSWER movement of drug from side of administration into
blood stream
distribution - ANSWER movement of drug through blood streeam into
tissues and then cells
metabolism - ANSWER changing of drug into other stubstances
bioavailability - ANSWER express extent of drug absorption
-proportion of the drug administered that is available to produce the desired
effect
oral - ANSWER longer to be absorbed because must be broken down
parenteral (IV) - ANSWER already dissolved and absorbed rapidly
IM or SQ injections - ANSWER absorbed by small capillaries fairly quickly
, topical - ANSWER amount of surface area affects rates of absorption
first pass effect - ANSWER reduces availibility of a drug to less than 100%
oral and enteral druggs - ANSWER have less than 100% bioavailibility
-because pass through small intestine to liver before entering circulation
IV drugs - ANSWER have 100% bioavailibility
-greater risk for adverse and toxic effects
fat soluble - ANSWER most meds are _ and need to become water soluble
to excrete
drug distribution - ANSWER transport of drug by the blood stream to its site
of action
-depends on:
-blood flow, drugs availability to leave blood, ability to enter cell
-FAT INTERFERES WITH DRUGS
barriers - ANSWER impaired blood flow/cardiac output/ regional ciirculation
changes distribution of drug to area
-poor blood supply slows healing of abscess in fat tissue and solid tumor
cores
blood brain barrier - ANSWER prevents to drug distribution to brain
infections
protein binding - ANSWER if drug molecules bind with plasma protein,
becomes TOO BIG to cross through walls of capillaries into tissues where
its needed. -
-it just circulates in the blood stream and is considered bound and inactive
unbound drug molecules are - ANSWER free and active
-can get through the bloodstream and capillaries and heal!
more unbound free drug molecules - ANSWER increases risk of drug
toxicity
