Personality Theory Exam 1 Questions and Answers

Personality Theory Exam 1 Questions and Answers

Personality - Answers-Dictionary definitions; State of being a person, Characteristics
and qualities that form a person's distinctive character, Sum total of a person's physical,
mental, emotional, and social characteristics
Psychological definition: Unique and relatively enduring internal and external aspects of
a person's character
Description is complex: Humans change according to different situations and people

.Reliability - Answers-Consistency of response to a psychological assessment device

.Self-Report Inventories - Answers-Subjective answer questions about behaviors and
feelings in various situations

.Projective tests - Answers-Rorschach Inkblot Technique, Thematic Apperception Test,
Word Association and sentence completion

.Behavioral assessment - Answers-Observer evaluates a person's behavior in a given
situation (like during a clinical interview)

.MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) - Answers-A self-report inventory:
True/false test that consists of 478 statements about:
Physical and psychological health
Political and social attitudes
Educational, occupational, family and marital factors
Neurotic and psychotic behavior tendencies

.Thematic Apperception test (TAT) - Answers-Look at vague pictures and tells the
proctor what is going on, or tell a story about the pictures.

.Sentence completion - Answers-List of words is read one at a time to the patient, who
is asked to respond with the first word that comes to mind

.Independent variable - Answers-variable that is manipulated

.Dependent variables - Answers-variables that are measured

.experimental group - Answers-exposed to experimental treatments

.control group - Answers-does not receive experimental treatment

.Validity - Answers-Extent to which an assessment device measures what it is intended
to measure

,.Case study - Answers-Detailed history of an individual - primary clinical method

.Word association test - Answers-Projective technique in which a person responds to a
stimulus word with whatever word comes to mind

.Rorschach inkblot test - Answers-Projective test; a set of 10 inkblots, designed by
Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their
interpretations of the blots

.Thought and experience sampling - Answers-records thoughts and moods in a
systematic manner
Participants are asked to describe social and environmental context in which the
experience being sampled occurs

.Clinical interviews - Answers-Involves asking relevant questions about:
Past and present life experiences
Social and family relationships
Reasons for seeking psychological help

.Online test administration - Answers-Psychological tests, opinion surveys, and subject
responses to experimental stimuli

.Correlational method - Answers-Measures the degree of relationship between two
variables

.Conscious - Answers-The _____ includes all the sensations and experiences of which
we are aware at any given moment.

.questionnaire - Answers-All of the following are associated with Freud's investigation of
the unconscious except:
a. dream analysis.
b. questionnaires.
c. resistances.
d. free association.

.b. Freud failed to consider the impact of biological forces. - Answers-All of the following
are valid criticisms of Freudian psychoanalysis except that:
a. Freud focused too much on past behavior.
b. Freud failed to consider the impact of biological forces.
c. Freud's definitions are somewhat ambiguous.
d. Freud did not study emotionally healthy persons.

.life instincts - Answers-According to Freud, _____ serve the purpose of survival of the
individual and the species by seeking to satisfy the needs for food, water, air, and sex.

, .psychoanalysis - Answers-Sigmund Freud's theory of personality and system of
therapy for treating mental disorders is known as _____.

.anxiety - Answers-Freud made _____ an important part of his personality theory,
asserting that it is fundamental to the development of all neurotic and psychotic
behavior.

.a. anal stage. - Answers-In children, temper tantrums, manipulating parents, and
destructive behaviors are formed in the:

.id - Answers-Of the three levels of personality, the _____ strives for immediate
satisfaction of its needs and does not tolerate delay or postponement of satisfaction for
any reason.

.degrading - Answers-Paradoxical to his own theory, Freud believed that the sex act
was _____.

.all are correct - Answers-Identify a true statement in the context of Loftus's studies
concerning false memories.
A therapist could implant false memories knowingly or unknowingly.
b. "Repressed" memories of childhood may not be accurate in reality.
c. A person's memories can't always be judged as true.
d. All of these are correct.

.b. The aim of an instinct is to satisfy a need and thereby reduce feelings of tension. -
Answers-Which of the following statements is true of instincts as described by Freud?
a. It is always possible to escape the pressure of our physiological needs.
b. The aim of an instinct is to satisfy a need and thereby reduce feelings of tension.
c. When the body is in a state of need, a person experiences a feeling of calmness.
d. An instinct is a state of physiological excitation or energy.

.c. Life and death - Answers-According to Freud, what are the two primary types of
instincts?

.d. It operates independently of the id. - Answers-According to Anna Freud, which of the
following is true of the ego?
a. It serves as a bridge between the id and primary-process thought.
b. It tries to compromise between the id and reality.
c. It depends on both the primary-process thought and the secondary-process thought.
d. It operates independently of the id.

.a. there is scientific support for only some of Freud's ideas. - Answers-Attempts at
scientifically validating Freudian concepts indicate that: