Psychology 387 - Learning (Athabasca) -
Final Study Guide (2)
____ can perhaps be a treatment for drug use because it can weaken the influence of
conditioned stimulus (needles, places etc.)
a. extinction
b. overshadowing
c. blocking
d. latent inhibition - ANS -extinction
\____ is a counterconditioning procedure in which fear stimuli are placed on a hierarchy scale
from least to most fearful. The individual is then trained to relax and with the therapist they work
through those fear stimuli from least to most
a. systematic desensitization
b. virtual reality exposure therapy
c. trace therapy
d. aversion therapy - ANS -systematic desensitization
\____ is the idea that the partial reinforcement effect occurs because it is harder to discriminate
between intermittent reinforcement and extinction than between continuous reinforcement and
extinction - ANS -discrimination theory
\____ was the first person to conduct experiments on the role of conditioning and marketing.
a. Pfister
b. Garcia
c. Maletzky
d. Gorn - ANS -Gorn
\_____ are activities that some people get sexual pleasure from that other members of society
deem perverse or unnatural.
a. aversions
b. paraphilias
c. reflexes
d. allergies - ANS -paraphilias
\_____ theory assumes that a behaviour becomes reinforcing when we are prevented from
performing it as often as we normally would. - ANS -response-deprivation theory
\_______ behavior does not produce the reinforcement that maintains it. - ANS -superstitious
\________ gave Skinner's experimental chamber the name, "Skinner box.":
a. Fred Keller
b. Thorndike
c. John Watson
d. Clark Hull - ANS -Clark Hull
\A change in the form that a behaviour takes is called a change in the _____. - ANS -topography
\A classic work on reinforcement schedules is by _________ .
a. Darwin
, b. Herrnstein
c. Ferster and Skinner
d. Abercrombie and Fitch - ANS -Ferster and Skinner
\According to David Premack, reinforcement involves a relation between a high-________
behavior and a low- ________ behavior. - ANS -probability, probabilty
\After a reinforcement, the rate of the reinforced behavior may fall to or near zero before
increasing again. The period during which the behavior occurs infrequently is called
___________ pause. - ANS -between-ratio
\Alan Neuringer demonstrated that with reinforcement, _____ could learn to behave randomly.
a. preschooler
b. cats
c. rats
d. pigeons - ANS -pigeons
\An action that improves the effectiveness of a reinforcer is called ___:
a. motivating operation
b. reward booster
c. contrived reinforcer
d. activator - ANS -motivating operation
\An important variable in operant learning that has been largely neglected is ___________. -
ANS -previous learning history
\Charles Catania identified three characteristics that define reinforcement. These include all of
the following except _______.
a. a behaviour must have a consequence
b. the consequences of the behaviour must be positive
c. a behaviour must increase in strength
d. the increase in strength must be the result of the behaviours consequences - ANS -the
consequences of the behaviour must be positive
\Choice involves ________ schedules. - ANS -concurrent
\CIMT was first used to treat stroke patients, but it has also been used to treat patients with
__________. - ANS -cerebral palsy, speech impediments, multiple sclerosis,
\David Camp and his colleagues found that a delay of 30 seconds greatly reduced the effects of
contingent shock. They found that even a delay of ___ seconds made shocks less effective. -
ANS -two
\Derenne and Baron (2002) suggest that procrastination (pausing before work) may be a
function of:
a. behavioural laziness
b. ratio strain
c. availability of other reinforcers
d. subordinate run rates - ANS -availability of other reinforcers
\Differential reinforcement is best used with:
a. punishment
b. negative reinforcement
c. extinction
d. response prevention - ANS -extinction
Final Study Guide (2)
____ can perhaps be a treatment for drug use because it can weaken the influence of
conditioned stimulus (needles, places etc.)
a. extinction
b. overshadowing
c. blocking
d. latent inhibition - ANS -extinction
\____ is a counterconditioning procedure in which fear stimuli are placed on a hierarchy scale
from least to most fearful. The individual is then trained to relax and with the therapist they work
through those fear stimuli from least to most
a. systematic desensitization
b. virtual reality exposure therapy
c. trace therapy
d. aversion therapy - ANS -systematic desensitization
\____ is the idea that the partial reinforcement effect occurs because it is harder to discriminate
between intermittent reinforcement and extinction than between continuous reinforcement and
extinction - ANS -discrimination theory
\____ was the first person to conduct experiments on the role of conditioning and marketing.
a. Pfister
b. Garcia
c. Maletzky
d. Gorn - ANS -Gorn
\_____ are activities that some people get sexual pleasure from that other members of society
deem perverse or unnatural.
a. aversions
b. paraphilias
c. reflexes
d. allergies - ANS -paraphilias
\_____ theory assumes that a behaviour becomes reinforcing when we are prevented from
performing it as often as we normally would. - ANS -response-deprivation theory
\_______ behavior does not produce the reinforcement that maintains it. - ANS -superstitious
\________ gave Skinner's experimental chamber the name, "Skinner box.":
a. Fred Keller
b. Thorndike
c. John Watson
d. Clark Hull - ANS -Clark Hull
\A change in the form that a behaviour takes is called a change in the _____. - ANS -topography
\A classic work on reinforcement schedules is by _________ .
a. Darwin
, b. Herrnstein
c. Ferster and Skinner
d. Abercrombie and Fitch - ANS -Ferster and Skinner
\According to David Premack, reinforcement involves a relation between a high-________
behavior and a low- ________ behavior. - ANS -probability, probabilty
\After a reinforcement, the rate of the reinforced behavior may fall to or near zero before
increasing again. The period during which the behavior occurs infrequently is called
___________ pause. - ANS -between-ratio
\Alan Neuringer demonstrated that with reinforcement, _____ could learn to behave randomly.
a. preschooler
b. cats
c. rats
d. pigeons - ANS -pigeons
\An action that improves the effectiveness of a reinforcer is called ___:
a. motivating operation
b. reward booster
c. contrived reinforcer
d. activator - ANS -motivating operation
\An important variable in operant learning that has been largely neglected is ___________. -
ANS -previous learning history
\Charles Catania identified three characteristics that define reinforcement. These include all of
the following except _______.
a. a behaviour must have a consequence
b. the consequences of the behaviour must be positive
c. a behaviour must increase in strength
d. the increase in strength must be the result of the behaviours consequences - ANS -the
consequences of the behaviour must be positive
\Choice involves ________ schedules. - ANS -concurrent
\CIMT was first used to treat stroke patients, but it has also been used to treat patients with
__________. - ANS -cerebral palsy, speech impediments, multiple sclerosis,
\David Camp and his colleagues found that a delay of 30 seconds greatly reduced the effects of
contingent shock. They found that even a delay of ___ seconds made shocks less effective. -
ANS -two
\Derenne and Baron (2002) suggest that procrastination (pausing before work) may be a
function of:
a. behavioural laziness
b. ratio strain
c. availability of other reinforcers
d. subordinate run rates - ANS -availability of other reinforcers
\Differential reinforcement is best used with:
a. punishment
b. negative reinforcement
c. extinction
d. response prevention - ANS -extinction
