1. What is the most common cause of an arteriovenous fistula?
A. Congenital defect b) Trauma c) Aneurysm rupture d) Vasculitis
Answer: b) Trauma Rationale: Arteriovenous fistulas are often
caused by trauma that creates a direct connection between an
artery and vein.
2. What is the diagnostic imaging method for deep vein
thrombosis (DVT)?
A. CT angiography b) Venous duplex ultrasound c) MRI d)
Plethysmography Answer: b) Venous duplex ultrasound
Rationale: Ultrasound is the gold standard for diagnosing DVT
due to its non-invasive nature and high accuracy.
3. Which artery is evaluated during a transcranial Doppler exam?
A. Carotid artery b) Middle cerebral artery c) Radial artery d)
Subclavian artery Answer: b) Middle cerebral artery Rationale:
Transcranial Doppler evaluates intracranial arteries like the
middle cerebral artery.
4. What is a common complication of long-standing venous
insufficiency?
,A. Peripheral neuropathy b) Varicose veins c) Raynaud’s
phenomenon d) Compartment syndrome Answer: b) Varicose veins
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency often leads to varicose
veins due to valve failure.
5. Which of the following Doppler findings is consistent with an
arteriovenous fistula?
A. Low resistance, high-velocity flow b) High resistance, low-
velocity flow c) Monophasic flow with no turbulence d) Biphasic
flow with delayed acceleration Answer: a) Low resistance, high-
velocity flow Rationale: Arteriovenous fistulas create a low-
resistance pathway, resulting in high-velocity flow.
6. What is the most common location for an atherosclerotic
plaque in the lower extremities?
A. Superficial femoral artery b) Popliteal artery c) Anterior tibial
artery d) Posterior tibial artery Answer: a) Superficial femoral
artery Rationale: The superficial femoral artery is the most
common site for plaque buildup due to its length and the forces
acting on it during limb movement.
7. What is the significance of phasic flow in lower extremity
veins?
A. Indicates proximal venous obstruction b) Reflects normal
respiratory variation c) Suggests chronic venous insufficiency d)
Confirms deep vein thrombosis Answer: b) Reflects normal
, respiratory variation Rationale: Phasic flow in veins corresponds
to changes in intrathoracic pressure during respiration.
8. Which vein is commonly involved in May-Thurner syndrome?
A. Great saphenous vein b) Left common iliac vein c) Right
femoral vein d) Popliteal vein Answer: b) Left common iliac vein
Rationale: May-Thurner syndrome involves compression of the
left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery.
9. What is the primary factor that influences venous return in the
lower extremities?
A. Hydrostatic pressure b) Muscle pump action c) Arterial
pressure d) Respiratory rate Answer: b) Muscle pump action
Rationale: The calf muscle pump is critical for overcoming
hydrostatic pressure and promoting venous return.
10. Which of the following vessels is not typically evaluated
during lower extremity arterial duplex?
A. Superficial femoral artery b) Common femoral artery c) Radial
artery d) Popliteal artery Answer: c) Radial artery Rationale: The
radial artery is located in the upper extremity and not part of the
lower extremity arterial study.
11. What is the purpose of a reverse Trendelenburg position
during venous duplex imaging?
A. Congenital defect b) Trauma c) Aneurysm rupture d) Vasculitis
Answer: b) Trauma Rationale: Arteriovenous fistulas are often
caused by trauma that creates a direct connection between an
artery and vein.
2. What is the diagnostic imaging method for deep vein
thrombosis (DVT)?
A. CT angiography b) Venous duplex ultrasound c) MRI d)
Plethysmography Answer: b) Venous duplex ultrasound
Rationale: Ultrasound is the gold standard for diagnosing DVT
due to its non-invasive nature and high accuracy.
3. Which artery is evaluated during a transcranial Doppler exam?
A. Carotid artery b) Middle cerebral artery c) Radial artery d)
Subclavian artery Answer: b) Middle cerebral artery Rationale:
Transcranial Doppler evaluates intracranial arteries like the
middle cerebral artery.
4. What is a common complication of long-standing venous
insufficiency?
,A. Peripheral neuropathy b) Varicose veins c) Raynaud’s
phenomenon d) Compartment syndrome Answer: b) Varicose veins
Rationale: Chronic venous insufficiency often leads to varicose
veins due to valve failure.
5. Which of the following Doppler findings is consistent with an
arteriovenous fistula?
A. Low resistance, high-velocity flow b) High resistance, low-
velocity flow c) Monophasic flow with no turbulence d) Biphasic
flow with delayed acceleration Answer: a) Low resistance, high-
velocity flow Rationale: Arteriovenous fistulas create a low-
resistance pathway, resulting in high-velocity flow.
6. What is the most common location for an atherosclerotic
plaque in the lower extremities?
A. Superficial femoral artery b) Popliteal artery c) Anterior tibial
artery d) Posterior tibial artery Answer: a) Superficial femoral
artery Rationale: The superficial femoral artery is the most
common site for plaque buildup due to its length and the forces
acting on it during limb movement.
7. What is the significance of phasic flow in lower extremity
veins?
A. Indicates proximal venous obstruction b) Reflects normal
respiratory variation c) Suggests chronic venous insufficiency d)
Confirms deep vein thrombosis Answer: b) Reflects normal
, respiratory variation Rationale: Phasic flow in veins corresponds
to changes in intrathoracic pressure during respiration.
8. Which vein is commonly involved in May-Thurner syndrome?
A. Great saphenous vein b) Left common iliac vein c) Right
femoral vein d) Popliteal vein Answer: b) Left common iliac vein
Rationale: May-Thurner syndrome involves compression of the
left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery.
9. What is the primary factor that influences venous return in the
lower extremities?
A. Hydrostatic pressure b) Muscle pump action c) Arterial
pressure d) Respiratory rate Answer: b) Muscle pump action
Rationale: The calf muscle pump is critical for overcoming
hydrostatic pressure and promoting venous return.
10. Which of the following vessels is not typically evaluated
during lower extremity arterial duplex?
A. Superficial femoral artery b) Common femoral artery c) Radial
artery d) Popliteal artery Answer: c) Radial artery Rationale: The
radial artery is located in the upper extremity and not part of the
lower extremity arterial study.
11. What is the purpose of a reverse Trendelenburg position
during venous duplex imaging?
