ATLS MODULE 3 SHOCK
1. Very low hematocrit value shortly after injury suggests what
Answer: massive bloodloss or pre-existing anemia
2. Normal hematocrit does not exclude significant blood loss
Answer: True. A normal hematocrit level does not necessarily rule out significant
blood loss, as it may not reflect recent or acute bleeding.
3. What lab can help determine presence of shock
Answer: Lactate
4. Normal adult blood volume=
Answer: 7% of ideal body weight (70 kg male has approx5 L)
5. Normal children blood volume =
Answer: 8-9% of body weight (80-90 mL/kg)
6. 4 classes of hemorrhage
Answer:
Class 1-same as someone who donated 1 unit ofblood
Class 2- uncomplicated hemorrhage requiring crystalloid only
Class 3- complicated requiring at least crystalloid infusion and possibly blood
replacement
Class 4- preterminal event, unless aggressive measures are taken patient will die
within minutes.
7. Class 1 hemorrhage
Answer: <15% of blood loss
Minimal tachycardia
Normal BP, pulse pressure, RRBase deficit: 0 to -2 mEq/L
8. Class 2 hemorrhage
Answer: 15-30%
Tachycardia and tachypneaDecreased pulse pressure
Subtle CNS signs (anxiety, fear, hostility)urinary output 20-30 mL/hour in adults
Base Deficit: -2 to -6 mEq/L
, Needs: Crystalloid
9. Class 3 hemorrhage
Answer: 31-40% of blood volume loss
Inadeuate perfusion
Marked tachycardia and tachypnea Significant changes in mental statusSignficant
dec in systolic BP
Base Deficit -6 to -10 mEq/L
Needs: Crystalloid, blood products, and control of bleeding
10. Class 4 hemorrhage
Answer: >40% of blood volume loss
Marked tachycardia Significantly dec sys BP
Very narrow PP or unmeasureable diastolic BP
Negligible urinary output Markedly depressed mental stateCold, pale skin
Base deficit: -10 mEq/L or more
Needs: Rapid transfusion and definitive control of bleeding
11. Factors that can alter hemodynamic response to shock
Answer:
patient ageseverity of injury
time lapse between injury and initiation of treatment
Prehospital fluid therapy
Medication use
Implanted cardiac devices
12. First step in the management of shock
Answer: Recognize its presence
13. 5 types of shock:
Answer Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic
Shock
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Neurogenic
Septic
1. Very low hematocrit value shortly after injury suggests what
Answer: massive bloodloss or pre-existing anemia
2. Normal hematocrit does not exclude significant blood loss
Answer: True. A normal hematocrit level does not necessarily rule out significant
blood loss, as it may not reflect recent or acute bleeding.
3. What lab can help determine presence of shock
Answer: Lactate
4. Normal adult blood volume=
Answer: 7% of ideal body weight (70 kg male has approx5 L)
5. Normal children blood volume =
Answer: 8-9% of body weight (80-90 mL/kg)
6. 4 classes of hemorrhage
Answer:
Class 1-same as someone who donated 1 unit ofblood
Class 2- uncomplicated hemorrhage requiring crystalloid only
Class 3- complicated requiring at least crystalloid infusion and possibly blood
replacement
Class 4- preterminal event, unless aggressive measures are taken patient will die
within minutes.
7. Class 1 hemorrhage
Answer: <15% of blood loss
Minimal tachycardia
Normal BP, pulse pressure, RRBase deficit: 0 to -2 mEq/L
8. Class 2 hemorrhage
Answer: 15-30%
Tachycardia and tachypneaDecreased pulse pressure
Subtle CNS signs (anxiety, fear, hostility)urinary output 20-30 mL/hour in adults
Base Deficit: -2 to -6 mEq/L
, Needs: Crystalloid
9. Class 3 hemorrhage
Answer: 31-40% of blood volume loss
Inadeuate perfusion
Marked tachycardia and tachypnea Significant changes in mental statusSignficant
dec in systolic BP
Base Deficit -6 to -10 mEq/L
Needs: Crystalloid, blood products, and control of bleeding
10. Class 4 hemorrhage
Answer: >40% of blood volume loss
Marked tachycardia Significantly dec sys BP
Very narrow PP or unmeasureable diastolic BP
Negligible urinary output Markedly depressed mental stateCold, pale skin
Base deficit: -10 mEq/L or more
Needs: Rapid transfusion and definitive control of bleeding
11. Factors that can alter hemodynamic response to shock
Answer:
patient ageseverity of injury
time lapse between injury and initiation of treatment
Prehospital fluid therapy
Medication use
Implanted cardiac devices
12. First step in the management of shock
Answer: Recognize its presence
13. 5 types of shock:
Answer Hypovolemic/Hemorrhagic
Shock
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Neurogenic
Septic
