PSYC 140 Developmental Psychology
Module 8 Exam Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers || Already Graded A+
<Recent Version>
Portage Learning
1. Late Adulthood - ANSWER ✔ -Begins in one's 60's
-Longest period in one's life
2. Life events model - ANSWER ✔ The approach to personality development
that is based on the timing of particular events in an adult's life rather than
on age per se (for example, if a woman had her first baby at 21, she would
experience the same psychological forces as a woman having her first child
at 39)
3. Erikson's psychosocial stage: middle age - ANSWER ✔ Generativity vs
Stagnation
-the stage during middle adulthood in which people consider their
contributions to family, work, community, and society
4. Generativity - ANSWER ✔ Guiding future generations, leaving a lasting
contribution, looking beyond oneself to the continuation of one's life through
others
5. Stagnation - ANSWER ✔ People focus on triviality of life and feel they
have made minimal contributions
6. George Valliant's view on middle age - ANSWER ✔ "Keeping the meaning"
versus rigidity
-occurs between ages 45 and 55
, -adults seek meaning by accepting strengths and weaknesses of others
-rigid adults become isolated from others
7. Roger Gould's view on middle age - ANSWER ✔ Adults pass through seven
stages associated with specific time periods
-people in 30s and 40s feel urgency to attain goals
-little research supports his descriptions
8. Daniel's Levinson's view on middle age - ANSWER ✔ Seasons of life
theory
-concluded that early 40s a period of transition and crisis
-suggests adult men pass through stages from 20 to midlife
9. Seasons of life stages - ANSWER ✔ Early adulthood: Leaving family and
having goals and aspirations for career and family
Late 30s: Men settle down and establish themselves in chosen roles
Around 40 to 45: Midlife transition - focus on finite nature of life, uncertain
of decisions, experience first signs of aging, doubt the value of
accomplishments, realize they can't accomplish everything (he suggested
this stage leads to midlife crisis)
10.Does everyone go through a midlife crisis? - ANSWER ✔ Despite
widespread acceptance of concept of midlife crisis, evidence does not exist;
for most, transition is smooth and rewarding
11.Midlife crisis - ANSWER ✔ A stage of uncertainty and indecision brought
about by the realization that life is finite
12.Middle age across cultures - ANSWER ✔ Middle age is a cultural
construction; the significance of an age range differs widely
13.Stability in personality in middle age - ANSWER ✔ Psychologists disagree
whether personality changes or remains stable
-Erikson and Levinson suggest it changes substantially
-Paul Costa and Robert McCrae find remarkable stability
14.Misconceptions and Misunderstanding of Late Adulthood - ANSWER ✔ Do
most adults develop dementia?
, -No
-Some have memory lapses or senility
-Professionals use the term dementia or neurocognitive disorder to describe
the loss of cognitive abilities due to Alzheimer's or Stroke.
-Not typical for anyone to have a neurocognitive disorder.
-Not a normal part of aging
-Neurocognitive disorders can be caused by stroke, drug and alcohol abuse,
or progressive deterioration
-NDs are extremely rare prior to the age of 60.
-Small percent of 65-70 Y/O have NDs. The number increases with age.
15.Misconceptions and Misunderstanding of Late adulthood - ANSWER ✔
Why do women typically outlive men?
-Multifaceted issue, experts indicate the answer to this question is partly
genetics.
-Partly environmental
-Men are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (drug and alcohol abuse)
and less vigilant about their overall health.
16.Misconceptions and Misunderstanding of Late adulthood - ANSWER ✔ Are
memory problems inevitable as we get older?
-Cognitive changes occur as adults age.
-Typical change: Elders have trouble remembering precise information.
-Neurocognitive disorders and Dementia are not a NORMAL part of aging!
17.Misconceptions and Misunderstanding of Late adulthood - ANSWER ✔ Do
most elders need to live in a nursing home?
-NO
-Most elders are able to care for themselves and able to carry on their normal
activities.
-Elders who are physically unwell and have cognitive and mobility issues
may utilize/necessitate long-term care.
18.Two Types of Aging - ANSWER ✔ -Primary Aging: Genetic influence, is
thought to be unavoidable. What triggers this process is up for debate.
-Secondary Aging: Aging that is not inevitable. Choices we make contribute
to this aging and environmental exposure. e.g. (smoking cigarettes, sun
exposure causes wrinkles.
, 19.Wear and Tear theory - ANSWER ✔ -According to this theory, time and
exertion is the enemy.
-This theory doesn't take into account that the body does an amazing job at
repairing normal wear and tear.
-This theory doesn't explain what causes this issue.
-focuses on secondary aging, disregards the root problem, primary aging.
-Those who engage in exercise and activities are typically healthier, longer
lived compared to sedentary individuals.
-Scientists look at DNA for answers to aging.
20.Free Radical Theory - ANSWER ✔ -Triggered by certain environmental
contaminants.
-Might be linked to various diseases.
-Accumulating free radicals over time, associates with problems. e.g. (DNA
mutations (primary aging meets secondary aging), cataracts, arthritis, certain
cancers, diabetes, etc).
-Modified in the 1970s
-As we move through the world there's toxins and other things that cause
mutations.
-RECENT work modifies this theory.
-Cellular Theory
21.Programmed Cell Theory - ANSWER ✔ -Focuses on how cells appear to be
designed to self-destruct.
-Various processes contribute to programmed cell death.
-Many diseases are associated with aging. e.g. (Osteoporosis, Alzheimer's).
-Aging follows a particular timetable.
22.Celluar Theories of Aging - ANSWER ✔ -Includes the phenomenon.
Hayflick Limit (named after discoverer)
-States that human adult cells have a limited number of time they can divide.
-When limit is reached, cells begin to die.
23.Hayflick Limit - ANSWER ✔ -Limit to the number of cells that can divide
before senescence.
-Doesn't limit one's lifespan
-May not be connected to how long you live.
Module 8 Exam Questions with Correct
Detailed Answers || Already Graded A+
<Recent Version>
Portage Learning
1. Late Adulthood - ANSWER ✔ -Begins in one's 60's
-Longest period in one's life
2. Life events model - ANSWER ✔ The approach to personality development
that is based on the timing of particular events in an adult's life rather than
on age per se (for example, if a woman had her first baby at 21, she would
experience the same psychological forces as a woman having her first child
at 39)
3. Erikson's psychosocial stage: middle age - ANSWER ✔ Generativity vs
Stagnation
-the stage during middle adulthood in which people consider their
contributions to family, work, community, and society
4. Generativity - ANSWER ✔ Guiding future generations, leaving a lasting
contribution, looking beyond oneself to the continuation of one's life through
others
5. Stagnation - ANSWER ✔ People focus on triviality of life and feel they
have made minimal contributions
6. George Valliant's view on middle age - ANSWER ✔ "Keeping the meaning"
versus rigidity
-occurs between ages 45 and 55
, -adults seek meaning by accepting strengths and weaknesses of others
-rigid adults become isolated from others
7. Roger Gould's view on middle age - ANSWER ✔ Adults pass through seven
stages associated with specific time periods
-people in 30s and 40s feel urgency to attain goals
-little research supports his descriptions
8. Daniel's Levinson's view on middle age - ANSWER ✔ Seasons of life
theory
-concluded that early 40s a period of transition and crisis
-suggests adult men pass through stages from 20 to midlife
9. Seasons of life stages - ANSWER ✔ Early adulthood: Leaving family and
having goals and aspirations for career and family
Late 30s: Men settle down and establish themselves in chosen roles
Around 40 to 45: Midlife transition - focus on finite nature of life, uncertain
of decisions, experience first signs of aging, doubt the value of
accomplishments, realize they can't accomplish everything (he suggested
this stage leads to midlife crisis)
10.Does everyone go through a midlife crisis? - ANSWER ✔ Despite
widespread acceptance of concept of midlife crisis, evidence does not exist;
for most, transition is smooth and rewarding
11.Midlife crisis - ANSWER ✔ A stage of uncertainty and indecision brought
about by the realization that life is finite
12.Middle age across cultures - ANSWER ✔ Middle age is a cultural
construction; the significance of an age range differs widely
13.Stability in personality in middle age - ANSWER ✔ Psychologists disagree
whether personality changes or remains stable
-Erikson and Levinson suggest it changes substantially
-Paul Costa and Robert McCrae find remarkable stability
14.Misconceptions and Misunderstanding of Late Adulthood - ANSWER ✔ Do
most adults develop dementia?
, -No
-Some have memory lapses or senility
-Professionals use the term dementia or neurocognitive disorder to describe
the loss of cognitive abilities due to Alzheimer's or Stroke.
-Not typical for anyone to have a neurocognitive disorder.
-Not a normal part of aging
-Neurocognitive disorders can be caused by stroke, drug and alcohol abuse,
or progressive deterioration
-NDs are extremely rare prior to the age of 60.
-Small percent of 65-70 Y/O have NDs. The number increases with age.
15.Misconceptions and Misunderstanding of Late adulthood - ANSWER ✔
Why do women typically outlive men?
-Multifaceted issue, experts indicate the answer to this question is partly
genetics.
-Partly environmental
-Men are more likely to engage in risky behaviors (drug and alcohol abuse)
and less vigilant about their overall health.
16.Misconceptions and Misunderstanding of Late adulthood - ANSWER ✔ Are
memory problems inevitable as we get older?
-Cognitive changes occur as adults age.
-Typical change: Elders have trouble remembering precise information.
-Neurocognitive disorders and Dementia are not a NORMAL part of aging!
17.Misconceptions and Misunderstanding of Late adulthood - ANSWER ✔ Do
most elders need to live in a nursing home?
-NO
-Most elders are able to care for themselves and able to carry on their normal
activities.
-Elders who are physically unwell and have cognitive and mobility issues
may utilize/necessitate long-term care.
18.Two Types of Aging - ANSWER ✔ -Primary Aging: Genetic influence, is
thought to be unavoidable. What triggers this process is up for debate.
-Secondary Aging: Aging that is not inevitable. Choices we make contribute
to this aging and environmental exposure. e.g. (smoking cigarettes, sun
exposure causes wrinkles.
, 19.Wear and Tear theory - ANSWER ✔ -According to this theory, time and
exertion is the enemy.
-This theory doesn't take into account that the body does an amazing job at
repairing normal wear and tear.
-This theory doesn't explain what causes this issue.
-focuses on secondary aging, disregards the root problem, primary aging.
-Those who engage in exercise and activities are typically healthier, longer
lived compared to sedentary individuals.
-Scientists look at DNA for answers to aging.
20.Free Radical Theory - ANSWER ✔ -Triggered by certain environmental
contaminants.
-Might be linked to various diseases.
-Accumulating free radicals over time, associates with problems. e.g. (DNA
mutations (primary aging meets secondary aging), cataracts, arthritis, certain
cancers, diabetes, etc).
-Modified in the 1970s
-As we move through the world there's toxins and other things that cause
mutations.
-RECENT work modifies this theory.
-Cellular Theory
21.Programmed Cell Theory - ANSWER ✔ -Focuses on how cells appear to be
designed to self-destruct.
-Various processes contribute to programmed cell death.
-Many diseases are associated with aging. e.g. (Osteoporosis, Alzheimer's).
-Aging follows a particular timetable.
22.Celluar Theories of Aging - ANSWER ✔ -Includes the phenomenon.
Hayflick Limit (named after discoverer)
-States that human adult cells have a limited number of time they can divide.
-When limit is reached, cells begin to die.
23.Hayflick Limit - ANSWER ✔ -Limit to the number of cells that can divide
before senescence.
-Doesn't limit one's lifespan
-May not be connected to how long you live.
