Nurs 2055 Midterm #1 Test With Complete Solution

Nurs 2055 Midterm #1 Test With
Complete Solution

What is the difference between osmolality and osmolarity? - ANSWER -Often
used interchangeably but have different meanings

-Osmolality is done more often

-Osmolality is weight

-Osmolarity is volume

is bicarbonate an anion or a cation? what is the normal serum value? -
ANSWER HCO3- = anion

22-26mmol/L

is chloride an anion or a cation? what is the normal serum value? - ANSWER
Cl- = anion

98-106mmol/L

is phosphate an anion or a cation? what is the normal serum value? -
ANSWER PO43- = anion

0.97-1.45mmol/L

is protein an anion or a cation? what is the normal serum value? - ANSWER
anion

64-83g/L

is potassium an anion or a cation? what is the normal serum value? -

,ANSWER k+ = cation

3.5-5.0mmol/L

is magnesium an anion or a cation? what is the normal serum value? -
ANSWER Mg2+ = cation

0.65-1.05mmol/L

is sodium an anion or a cation? what is the normal serum value? - ANSWER
Na+ = cations

135-145mmol/L

is calcium (total) an anion or a cation? what is the normal serum value? -
ANSWER Ca2+ = cations

2.25-2.75mmol/L

hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER the force within a fluid compartment,
exerted by water pressure

osmolality - ANSWER a measure of the total solute concentration per
kilogram of solvent

osmolarity - ANSWER a measure of the total solute concentration per litre of
solution

osmotic pressure - ANSWER the amount of pressure required to stop the
osmotic flow of water

how much does one litre of water weigh? - ANSWER 1kg

Intracellular compartment (ICF) - ANSWER -within the cells

-2/3 of body water

,extracellular component (ECF) - ANSWER -outside of the cells (interstitial
fluid and lymph)

-1/3 of body water

what is the most prevalent cation and anion in the ICF - ANSWER -(most)
Prevalent cation is K+.

-Prevalent anion is PO 3-. (phosphate)

what is the most prevalent cation and anion in the ECF - ANSWER -Main
cation is Na+.

-Prevalent anion is Cl-.

facilitated diffusion - ANSWER -Movement of molecules from high to low
concentration without energy

-Uses specific carrier molecules to accelerate diffusion

active transport? example? - ANSWER -Process in which molecules move
against concentration gradient (an area of lower concentration to an area of
higher concentration)

-ie. the sodium potassium pump (sodium moves out of cell; potassium moves
into cell)

osmosis - ANSWER -Movement of water between two compartments by a
membrane permeable to water but not to solute

-Moves from low solute to high solute concentration

-Requires no energy

if outside the cell is hypotonic then.... - ANSWER If outside of cell is

, hypotonic this means there is more solutes in the cell so water will move into
the cell and possibly cause it to burst

if outside the cell is hypertonic then... - ANSWER If outside of the cell is
hypertonic this means there are more solutes outside of the cell and water
will move out of the cell causing it to shrink; has the risk of dying

if outside the cell is isotonic then... - ANSWER nothing will happen because it
is balanced

where is the highest hydrostatic pressure? - ANSWER arteries

oncotic pressure - ANSWER -Osmotic pressure exerted by colloids (protein)
in solution (Protein is a major colloid.)

-Proteins can attract water

capillary hydrostatic pressure causes water to... - ANSWER Capillary
hydrostatic pressure

Causes water to move OUT of capillaries

plasma oncotic pressure causes water to... - ANSWER Plasma oncotic
pressure

Causes movement of fluid INTO the capillaries

interstitial oncotic pressure causes water to... - ANSWER Interstitial oncotic
pressure

Causes water to move OUT of capillaries

interstitial hydrostatic pressure causes water to... - ANSWER Interstitial
hydrostatic pressure