FNP 2 Renal Study Material/guide + Questions
and Complete Verified Answers
Grade 1 CKD GFR - ANSWER >90
Grade 2 CKD GFR - ANSWER 60-89
Grade 3a CKD GFR - ANSWER 45-59
Grade 3b CKD GFR - ANSWER 30-44
Grade 4 CKD GFR - ANSWER 15-29
Grade 5 CKD GFR - ANSWER <15 (can also differentiate D for dialysis or not)
Risk factors for CKD - ANSWER DM. HTN, FH, elder, race other than caucasian
Top 3 etiologies of CKD - ANSWER DM, HTN, glomerulonephritis
Requirements to diagnose hematuria - ANSWER RBC's in 2 out of 3 specimens
When would you suspect a urinary tract pathology as the culprit in hematuria - ANSWER
Lack of protein or casts in the urine
Hematuria + proteinuria means - ANSWER likely kidney pathology and needs workup
, Risks for nephrolithiasis - ANSWER Female, metabolic syndrome, acidic urine
Best diagnostic test to diagnose a kidney stone - ANSWER helical CT
How much fluid does a patient need if they are "pushing fluid" in nephrolithiasis
treatment - ANSWER Enough to urinate 2L a day
>5 % eosinophils in urine... what are you looking for - ANSWER drug induced interstitial
nephritis (drug allergy)
Hyaline casts usually seen in what diagnosis - ANSWER pyelonephritits (low urine flow)
RBC casts are a referral because why - ANSWER They are nearly always pathological and
usually represent an acute inflammation or vascular disease of the glomerulus
WBC casts typically represent what? - ANSWER a nephritis of some sort (post strep,
pyelo)
Causes of epithelial casts? - ANSWER interstitial (tubular) nephritis, pregnancy induced
HTN, heavy metal injury or kidney transplant rejection
Fatty casts indicate what? - ANSWER large amount of protein in urine (think nephrotic
syndrome)
Broad waxy casts seen when? - ANSWER CKD Grade 4 or 5 (represent a more static flow)
these are always bad
Define proteinuria - ANSWER >150 mg/L/day of protein in the urine
and Complete Verified Answers
Grade 1 CKD GFR - ANSWER >90
Grade 2 CKD GFR - ANSWER 60-89
Grade 3a CKD GFR - ANSWER 45-59
Grade 3b CKD GFR - ANSWER 30-44
Grade 4 CKD GFR - ANSWER 15-29
Grade 5 CKD GFR - ANSWER <15 (can also differentiate D for dialysis or not)
Risk factors for CKD - ANSWER DM. HTN, FH, elder, race other than caucasian
Top 3 etiologies of CKD - ANSWER DM, HTN, glomerulonephritis
Requirements to diagnose hematuria - ANSWER RBC's in 2 out of 3 specimens
When would you suspect a urinary tract pathology as the culprit in hematuria - ANSWER
Lack of protein or casts in the urine
Hematuria + proteinuria means - ANSWER likely kidney pathology and needs workup
, Risks for nephrolithiasis - ANSWER Female, metabolic syndrome, acidic urine
Best diagnostic test to diagnose a kidney stone - ANSWER helical CT
How much fluid does a patient need if they are "pushing fluid" in nephrolithiasis
treatment - ANSWER Enough to urinate 2L a day
>5 % eosinophils in urine... what are you looking for - ANSWER drug induced interstitial
nephritis (drug allergy)
Hyaline casts usually seen in what diagnosis - ANSWER pyelonephritits (low urine flow)
RBC casts are a referral because why - ANSWER They are nearly always pathological and
usually represent an acute inflammation or vascular disease of the glomerulus
WBC casts typically represent what? - ANSWER a nephritis of some sort (post strep,
pyelo)
Causes of epithelial casts? - ANSWER interstitial (tubular) nephritis, pregnancy induced
HTN, heavy metal injury or kidney transplant rejection
Fatty casts indicate what? - ANSWER large amount of protein in urine (think nephrotic
syndrome)
Broad waxy casts seen when? - ANSWER CKD Grade 4 or 5 (represent a more static flow)
these are always bad
Define proteinuria - ANSWER >150 mg/L/day of protein in the urine
