d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents ANS: C
MULTIPLE CHOICE Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
describes development in infants and children? requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within normal their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a
limits. predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development occurring
first.
a. Culture
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
b. Environment
ANS: A c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary
ANS: C
normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition
for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization
occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
predictable process with standard measurement methods. not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason? development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role
in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays
or deficits. cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
throughout childhood.
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
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4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory,
the period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact
from fantasy is the period of cognitive development.
a. sensorimotor
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c. concrete operations
d. preoperational
ANS: C
Concrete operations is the period of cognitive development in which childrens thinking is shifted
from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They develop the ability to
distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy and is a period of
reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants world becomes more permanent and organized.
The stage ends with the infant demonstrating some evidence of reasoning. Formal operations is a
period in development in which new ideas are created through previous thoughts. Analytic reason
and abstract thought emerge in this period. The preoperational stage is a period of egocentrism in
which the childs judgments are illogical and dominated by magical thinking and animism.
5. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts
that need resolution is:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS: A
Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social and cultural factors.
Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emotionally, with unsuccessful resolution
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leaving the child emotionally disabled. Sigmund Freud proposed a psychosexual theory of
development in which certain parts of the body assume psychological significance as foci of
sexual energy. The foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral, anal, Toddlers are most likely to be frightened by hospitalization because their thought processes are
egocentric, magical, and illogical. They feel very threatened by unfamiliar people and strange
phallic, latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg described moral development
environments. Young infants are not as likely to be frightened as toddlers by hospitalization
as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional). His theory closely
because they are not as aware of the environment. The 9-year-old childs cognitive ability is
parallels Piagets. Jean Piagets cognitive theory interprets how children learn and think and how
sufficient enough for the child to understand the reason for the hospitalization. The 15-year-old
this thinking progresses and differs from adult thinking. Stages of his theory include
adolescent has the cognitive ability to interpret the reason for the hospitalization.
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations.
8. Which statement made by a 15-year-old adolescent with a diagnosis of
6. What does the nurse need to know when observing chronically ill children at play?
neurofibromatosis (an autosomal dominant genetic disorder) best demonstrates an
a. Play is not important to hospitalized children. understanding of the mechanism of inheritance for the disease?
b. Children need to have structured play periods.
a. My babies will probably not have neurofibromatosis.
c. Childrens play is an indication of a childs response to treatment.
b. My babies have a 50% chance of having neurofibromatosis.
d. Play is to be discouraged because it tires hospitalized children.
c. Whether my babies have problems depends on the father.
d. My babies have a 25% chance of having neurofibromatosis.
ANS: C
ANS: B
Play for all children is an activity woven with meaning and purpose and is a mechanism for
mastering their environment. For chronically ill children, play can indicate their state of wellness
and response to treatment. Play is important to all children in all environments. Although Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that occurs when the abnormal
childrens play activities appear unorganized and at times chaotic, play has purpose and meaning. gene is carried on the affected chromosome with a normal gene. Because the abnormal gene is
Imposing structure on play interferes with the tasks being worked on. Children who have fewer dominant, an individual with the defective gene has a 50% chance of transmitting the defect to an
energy reserves still require play. For these children, less-active play activities will be important. infant with each pregnancy. Neurofibromatosis is not a sex-linked genetic disease; therefore,
either the father or the mother genetically transfers it to the infant. A parent with the defective
7. Which child is most likely to be frightened by hospitalization? gene will genetically transfer either a normal or abnormal gene to an infant. Because the
defective gene is dominant, there is a 50% probability of the child inheriting the disease.
a. A 4-month-old infant admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis
b. A 2-year-old toddler admitted for cystic fibrosis 9. During a routine healthcare visit, a parent asks the nurse why her 9-month-old infant
c. A 9-year-old child hospitalized with a fractured femur is not walking as her older child did at the same age. Which response by the nurse
best demonstrates an understanding of child development?
d. A 15-year-old adolescent admitted for abdominal pain
a. Shes a little slow.
ANS: B
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b. If she is pulling up, you can help her by holding her hand.
inappropriate outcome. Although children benefit from parental involvement, parents may not
c. Babies progress at different rates. Your infants development is within normal limits. have the support structure to stay in the room with the child at all times.
d. Maybe she needs to see a behavioral specialist.
11. A nurse has completed a teaching session with parents of preschool aged children.
Which statement made by the parent identifies an appropriate level of language
ANS: C development for a 4- year-old child?
a. The child has a vocabulary of 300 words and uses simple sentences.
Ninety percent of infants walk by 14 months of age. The infant is within normal developmental
limits. It is inappropriate for the nurse to state that the infant is a little slow. Infants will walk b. The child uses correct grammar in sentences.
when they are developmentally ready. Hurrying an infant does not result in the developmental
task being achieved at an earlier time period. Consulting a behavioral specialist for diagnostic
evaluation is indicated when a child demonstrates developmental delays. The child has no
evidence of a delay.
10. Which expected outcome would be developmentally appropriate for a hospitalized 4-
year-old child? c. The child is able to pronounce consonants clearly.
d. The child uses language to express abstract thought.
a. The child will be dressed and fed by the parents.
b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs.
ANS: B
c. The child will be able to verbalize an understanding of the reason for the hospitalization.
d. The child will have a parent stay in the room at all times. The 4-year-old child is able to use correct grammar in sentence structure and typically has
difficulty in pronouncing consonants. Simple sentences and a 300-word vocabulary are
ANS: B appropriate for a 2-year-old child. The use of language to express abstract thought is
developmentally appropriate for the adolescent.
Erikson identifies initiative as a developmental task for the preschool child. Initiating play 12. Which should the nurse evaluate before administering the Denver Developmental
activities and asking for play materials or assistance with personal needs demonstrate
Screening Test II (DDST-II)?
developmental appropriateness. Parents need to foster appropriate developmental behavior in the
4-year-old child. Dressing and feeding the child do not encourage independent behavior. A 4-
a. The childs height and weight
year-old child cannot be expected to cognitively understand the reason for his or her
hospitalization. Expecting the child to verbalize an understanding for the hospitalization is an b. The parents ability to comprehend the results
inappropriate outcome. Parents staying with the child throughout a hospitalization is an
c. The childs mood
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Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study MateriStuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Materiaall
Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents ANS: C
MULTIPLE CHOICE Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
describes development in infants and children? requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within normal their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a
limits. predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development occurring
first.
a. Culture
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
b. Environment
ANS: A c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary
ANS: C
normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition
for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization
occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
predictable process with standard measurement methods. not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason? development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role
in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays
or deficits. cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
throughout childhood.
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
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this document is illegal $103 per month? this document is illegal $103 per month?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Materi al
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory,
the period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact
from fantasy is the period of cognitive development.
a. sensorimotor
Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material b. formal operations
c. concrete operations
d. preoperational
ANS: C
Concrete operations is the period of cognitive development in which childrens thinking is shifted
from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They develop the ability to
distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy and is a period of
reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants world becomes more permanent and organized.
The stage ends with the infant demonstrating some evidence of reasoning. Formal operations is a
period in development in which new ideas are created through previous thoughts. Analytic reason
and abstract thought emerge in this period. The preoperational stage is a period of egocentrism in
which the childs judgments are illogical and dominated by magical thinking and animism.
5. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts
that need resolution is:
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS: A
Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social and cultural factors.
Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emotionally, with unsuccessful resolution
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this document is illegal $103 per month? this document is illegal $103 per month?
, Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Materi al Stuvia.com - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Materi al
leaving the child emotionally disabled. Sigmund Freud proposed a psychosexual theory of
development in which certain parts of the body assume psychological significance as foci of
sexual energy. The foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral, anal, Toddlers are most likely to be frightened by hospitalization because their thought processes are
egocentric, magical, and illogical. They feel very threatened by unfamiliar people and strange
phallic, latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg described moral development
environments. Young infants are not as likely to be frightened as toddlers by hospitalization
as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional). His theory closely
because they are not as aware of the environment. The 9-year-old childs cognitive ability is
parallels Piagets. Jean Piagets cognitive theory interprets how children learn and think and how
sufficient enough for the child to understand the reason for the hospitalization. The 15-year-old
this thinking progresses and differs from adult thinking. Stages of his theory include
adolescent has the cognitive ability to interpret the reason for the hospitalization.
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations.
8. Which statement made by a 15-year-old adolescent with a diagnosis of
6. What does the nurse need to know when observing chronically ill children at play?
neurofibromatosis (an autosomal dominant genetic disorder) best demonstrates an
a. Play is not important to hospitalized children. understanding of the mechanism of inheritance for the disease?
b. Children need to have structured play periods.
a. My babies will probably not have neurofibromatosis.
c. Childrens play is an indication of a childs response to treatment.
b. My babies have a 50% chance of having neurofibromatosis.
d. Play is to be discouraged because it tires hospitalized children.
c. Whether my babies have problems depends on the father.
d. My babies have a 25% chance of having neurofibromatosis.
ANS: C
ANS: B
Play for all children is an activity woven with meaning and purpose and is a mechanism for
mastering their environment. For chronically ill children, play can indicate their state of wellness
and response to treatment. Play is important to all children in all environments. Although Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that occurs when the abnormal
childrens play activities appear unorganized and at times chaotic, play has purpose and meaning. gene is carried on the affected chromosome with a normal gene. Because the abnormal gene is
Imposing structure on play interferes with the tasks being worked on. Children who have fewer dominant, an individual with the defective gene has a 50% chance of transmitting the defect to an
energy reserves still require play. For these children, less-active play activities will be important. infant with each pregnancy. Neurofibromatosis is not a sex-linked genetic disease; therefore,
either the father or the mother genetically transfers it to the infant. A parent with the defective
7. Which child is most likely to be frightened by hospitalization? gene will genetically transfer either a normal or abnormal gene to an infant. Because the
defective gene is dominant, there is a 50% probability of the child inheriting the disease.
a. A 4-month-old infant admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis
b. A 2-year-old toddler admitted for cystic fibrosis 9. During a routine healthcare visit, a parent asks the nurse why her 9-month-old infant
c. A 9-year-old child hospitalized with a fractured femur is not walking as her older child did at the same age. Which response by the nurse
best demonstrates an understanding of child development?
d. A 15-year-old adolescent admitted for abdominal pain
a. Shes a little slow.
ANS: B
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b. If she is pulling up, you can help her by holding her hand.
inappropriate outcome. Although children benefit from parental involvement, parents may not
c. Babies progress at different rates. Your infants development is within normal limits. have the support structure to stay in the room with the child at all times.
d. Maybe she needs to see a behavioral specialist.
11. A nurse has completed a teaching session with parents of preschool aged children.
Which statement made by the parent identifies an appropriate level of language
ANS: C development for a 4- year-old child?
a. The child has a vocabulary of 300 words and uses simple sentences.
Ninety percent of infants walk by 14 months of age. The infant is within normal developmental
limits. It is inappropriate for the nurse to state that the infant is a little slow. Infants will walk b. The child uses correct grammar in sentences.
when they are developmentally ready. Hurrying an infant does not result in the developmental
task being achieved at an earlier time period. Consulting a behavioral specialist for diagnostic
evaluation is indicated when a child demonstrates developmental delays. The child has no
evidence of a delay.
10. Which expected outcome would be developmentally appropriate for a hospitalized 4-
year-old child? c. The child is able to pronounce consonants clearly.
d. The child uses language to express abstract thought.
a. The child will be dressed and fed by the parents.
b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs.
ANS: B
c. The child will be able to verbalize an understanding of the reason for the hospitalization.
d. The child will have a parent stay in the room at all times. The 4-year-old child is able to use correct grammar in sentence structure and typically has
difficulty in pronouncing consonants. Simple sentences and a 300-word vocabulary are
ANS: B appropriate for a 2-year-old child. The use of language to express abstract thought is
developmentally appropriate for the adolescent.
Erikson identifies initiative as a developmental task for the preschool child. Initiating play 12. Which should the nurse evaluate before administering the Denver Developmental
activities and asking for play materials or assistance with personal needs demonstrate
Screening Test II (DDST-II)?
developmental appropriateness. Parents need to foster appropriate developmental behavior in the
4-year-old child. Dressing and feeding the child do not encourage independent behavior. A 4-
a. The childs height and weight
year-old child cannot be expected to cognitively understand the reason for his or her
hospitalization. Expecting the child to verbalize an understanding for the hospitalization is an b. The parents ability to comprehend the results
inappropriate outcome. Parents staying with the child throughout a hospitalization is an
c. The childs mood
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