Pilates Anatomy Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
What is the origin and insertion of the Quadratus lumborum? - Answers O: Posterior Iliac Crest
I: 12th rib and 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae
What is the QL muscle used for? - Answers Bilaterally: fix last rib during forced inhalation
Unilaterally: laterally tilt pelvis, laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, assist to extend
vertebrae column
What is the origin and insertion of the diaphragm? - Answers O: Costal attachment: inner surface of
lower six ribs, lumbar attachment: upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae, sternal attachment: inner part of xiphoid
process
I: Central tendon
What does the diaphragm do? - Answers Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm, increase the
volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation
What is the origin and insertion of the transverse abdominis? - Answers O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac
crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and internal surface of lower six ribs (iliac crest, 6-12th ribs, lateral inguinal
ligament, thoracolumbar fascia)
I: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
What does the transverse abdominis do? - Answers Compress abdominal contents
What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius? - Answers O: Occipitals
I: Lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
What does the trapezius do? - Answers Upper fibers - bilaterally: extend the head and neck
Upper fibers - unilaterally: laterally flex the head and neck to same side, rotate the head and neck to the
opposite side, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula
Middle fibers: adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula
, lower fibers: depress the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula
What is the origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi? - Answers O: Inferior angle of scapula, spinous
processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac
crest
I: intertubercular groove of humerus (superior humerus)
What does the latissimus dorsi do? - Answers Extend the shoulder, adduct the shoulder, medially rotate
the shoulder
What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae? - Answers O: C1-C4
I: Medial border of scapula, below superior angle of scapula
Where is the origin and insertion of the rhomboid major and minor? - Answers Major O: spinous
processes of T12-T5
Minor O: spinous processes of C7-T1
Major I: inferior medial border of scapula
Minor I: superior medial border of scapula
What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior? - Answers O: 1st-9th rib
I: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
What does the serratus anterior do? - Answers with origin fixed: abduct the scapula, upwardly rotate
the scapula, hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage
with scapula fixed: may act to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
What is the origin and insertion of the external oblique? - Answers O: external surfaces of 5th to 12th
ribs
I: anterior iliac crest, linea alba
What does the external oblique do? - Answers Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same
side, rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
What is the origin and insertion of the Quadratus lumborum? - Answers O: Posterior Iliac Crest
I: 12th rib and 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae
What is the QL muscle used for? - Answers Bilaterally: fix last rib during forced inhalation
Unilaterally: laterally tilt pelvis, laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, assist to extend
vertebrae column
What is the origin and insertion of the diaphragm? - Answers O: Costal attachment: inner surface of
lower six ribs, lumbar attachment: upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae, sternal attachment: inner part of xiphoid
process
I: Central tendon
What does the diaphragm do? - Answers Draw down the central tendon of the diaphragm, increase the
volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation
What is the origin and insertion of the transverse abdominis? - Answers O: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac
crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and internal surface of lower six ribs (iliac crest, 6-12th ribs, lateral inguinal
ligament, thoracolumbar fascia)
I: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
What does the transverse abdominis do? - Answers Compress abdominal contents
What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius? - Answers O: Occipitals
I: Lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
What does the trapezius do? - Answers Upper fibers - bilaterally: extend the head and neck
Upper fibers - unilaterally: laterally flex the head and neck to same side, rotate the head and neck to the
opposite side, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula
Middle fibers: adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula
, lower fibers: depress the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula
What is the origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi? - Answers O: Inferior angle of scapula, spinous
processes of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3 or 4 ribs, thoracolumbar aponeurosis and posterior iliac
crest
I: intertubercular groove of humerus (superior humerus)
What does the latissimus dorsi do? - Answers Extend the shoulder, adduct the shoulder, medially rotate
the shoulder
What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae? - Answers O: C1-C4
I: Medial border of scapula, below superior angle of scapula
Where is the origin and insertion of the rhomboid major and minor? - Answers Major O: spinous
processes of T12-T5
Minor O: spinous processes of C7-T1
Major I: inferior medial border of scapula
Minor I: superior medial border of scapula
What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior? - Answers O: 1st-9th rib
I: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
What does the serratus anterior do? - Answers with origin fixed: abduct the scapula, upwardly rotate
the scapula, hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage
with scapula fixed: may act to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation
What is the origin and insertion of the external oblique? - Answers O: external surfaces of 5th to 12th
ribs
I: anterior iliac crest, linea alba
What does the external oblique do? - Answers Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to the same
side, rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
