1. Which of the following medications is most commonly used to treat
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A. Fluoxetine
B. Diazepam
C. Buspirone
D. Mirtazapine
Answer: c) Buspirone
Rationale: Buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine medication that is
frequently used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It has a
relatively low potential for abuse compared to other anxiolytics.
2. A 29-year-old woman presents with increased energy, excessive
talking, and impulsive spending. She is diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line treatment for
acute mania in bipolar disorder?
A. Lithium
B. Risperidone
C. Valproate
D. Lamotrigine
Answer: c) Valproate
,Rationale: Valproate is considered one of the most effective medications
for treating acute mania in bipolar disorder. It is a mood stabilizer with
a relatively rapid onset of action.
3. A 35-year-old male with a history of anxiety and depression presents
with difficulty falling asleep and waking up frequently during the night.
Which of the following medications is most appropriate for short-term
treatment of insomnia?
A. Zolpidem
B. Sertraline
C. Fluoxetine
D. Lorazepam
Answer: a) Zolpidem
Rationale: Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic
medication that is used for short-term management of insomnia. It
works by enhancing GABA activity, promoting sleep initiation.
4. A 32-year-old male is diagnosed with schizophrenia and has been
prescribed an antipsychotic medication. Which of the following side
effects is more common with first-generation antipsychotics?
A. Weight gain
B. Extrapyramidal symptoms
C. Sexual dysfunction
D. Metabolic syndrome
,Answer: b) Extrapyramidal symptoms
Rationale: First-generation antipsychotics are more commonly
associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), including tremors,
rigidity, and bradykinesia. These symptoms result from the blockade of
dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.
5. A 28-year-old male presents with sudden onset of confusion, fever,
and altered mental status after starting an antipsychotic medication.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
B. Serotonin syndrome
C. Acute psychosis
D. Hypertensive crisis
Answer: a) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Rationale: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening
condition that can occur after the administration of antipsychotic
medications. Symptoms include fever, rigidity, altered mental status,
and autonomic dysregulation.
6. A 50-year-old male presents with severe fatigue, weight loss, and a
history of alcohol abuse. He is diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome. Which of the following vitamins is most commonly deficient
in this condition?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
, C. Vitamin D
D. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Answer: d) Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by a deficiency in
thiamine, often due to chronic alcohol abuse, which impairs the ability
to absorb and utilize thiamine, leading to neurological impairments.
7. A 30-year-old male presents with episodes of feeling “high” followed
by periods of depression. The episodes occur for several days at a time.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Major depressive disorder
B. Cyclothymic disorder
C. Bipolar II disorder
D. Bipolar I disorder
Answer: c) Bipolar II disorder
Rationale: Bipolar II disorder involves recurrent episodes of hypomania
(mild mania) and depression. The duration of hypomanic episodes is
typically shorter than full-blown mania seen in bipolar I disorder.
8. A 20-year-old male with schizophrenia is noncompliant with his
antipsychotic medication. He begins to exhibit a high fever, muscle
rigidity, and autonomic instability. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Tardive dyskinesia
B. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
A. Fluoxetine
B. Diazepam
C. Buspirone
D. Mirtazapine
Answer: c) Buspirone
Rationale: Buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine medication that is
frequently used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It has a
relatively low potential for abuse compared to other anxiolytics.
2. A 29-year-old woman presents with increased energy, excessive
talking, and impulsive spending. She is diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line treatment for
acute mania in bipolar disorder?
A. Lithium
B. Risperidone
C. Valproate
D. Lamotrigine
Answer: c) Valproate
,Rationale: Valproate is considered one of the most effective medications
for treating acute mania in bipolar disorder. It is a mood stabilizer with
a relatively rapid onset of action.
3. A 35-year-old male with a history of anxiety and depression presents
with difficulty falling asleep and waking up frequently during the night.
Which of the following medications is most appropriate for short-term
treatment of insomnia?
A. Zolpidem
B. Sertraline
C. Fluoxetine
D. Lorazepam
Answer: a) Zolpidem
Rationale: Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic
medication that is used for short-term management of insomnia. It
works by enhancing GABA activity, promoting sleep initiation.
4. A 32-year-old male is diagnosed with schizophrenia and has been
prescribed an antipsychotic medication. Which of the following side
effects is more common with first-generation antipsychotics?
A. Weight gain
B. Extrapyramidal symptoms
C. Sexual dysfunction
D. Metabolic syndrome
,Answer: b) Extrapyramidal symptoms
Rationale: First-generation antipsychotics are more commonly
associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), including tremors,
rigidity, and bradykinesia. These symptoms result from the blockade of
dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.
5. A 28-year-old male presents with sudden onset of confusion, fever,
and altered mental status after starting an antipsychotic medication.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
B. Serotonin syndrome
C. Acute psychosis
D. Hypertensive crisis
Answer: a) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Rationale: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening
condition that can occur after the administration of antipsychotic
medications. Symptoms include fever, rigidity, altered mental status,
and autonomic dysregulation.
6. A 50-year-old male presents with severe fatigue, weight loss, and a
history of alcohol abuse. He is diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome. Which of the following vitamins is most commonly deficient
in this condition?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B12
, C. Vitamin D
D. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Answer: d) Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by a deficiency in
thiamine, often due to chronic alcohol abuse, which impairs the ability
to absorb and utilize thiamine, leading to neurological impairments.
7. A 30-year-old male presents with episodes of feeling “high” followed
by periods of depression. The episodes occur for several days at a time.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Major depressive disorder
B. Cyclothymic disorder
C. Bipolar II disorder
D. Bipolar I disorder
Answer: c) Bipolar II disorder
Rationale: Bipolar II disorder involves recurrent episodes of hypomania
(mild mania) and depression. The duration of hypomanic episodes is
typically shorter than full-blown mania seen in bipolar I disorder.
8. A 20-year-old male with schizophrenia is noncompliant with his
antipsychotic medication. He begins to exhibit a high fever, muscle
rigidity, and autonomic instability. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Tardive dyskinesia
B. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
