1. A 40-year-old male is diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and is
undergoing withdrawal. Which of the following medications is used to
prevent alcohol withdrawal seizures?
A. Diazepam
B. Sertraline
C. Clonidine
D. Methadone
Answer: a) Diazepam
Rationale: Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, is commonly used to prevent
and treat alcohol withdrawal seizures. It acts as a central nervous
system depressant to counteract the excitatory symptoms of
withdrawal.
2. A 32-year-old male is diagnosed with schizophrenia and has been
prescribed an antipsychotic medication. Which of the following side
effects is more common with first-generation antipsychotics?
A. Weight gain
B. Extrapyramidal symptoms
C. Sexual dysfunction
D. Metabolic syndrome
Answer: b) Extrapyramidal symptoms
,Rationale: First-generation antipsychotics are more commonly
associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), including tremors,
rigidity, and bradykinesia. These symptoms result from the blockade of
dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.
3. A 25-year-old female presents with episodes of rapid speech,
decreased need for sleep, and engaging in risky behaviors. Which of the
following medications is most commonly used to treat manic episodes
in bipolar disorder?
A. Lithium
B. Fluoxetine
C. Risperidone
D. Sertraline
Answer: a) Lithium
Rationale: Lithium is considered the gold standard for the treatment of
manic episodes in bipolar disorder. It is effective in reducing the
severity and frequency of manic episodes.
4. A 30-year-old male presents with excessive preoccupation with his
body appearance and frequent mirror checking. Despite being of
average build, he is preoccupied with his perceived flaws. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Body dysmorphic disorder
B. Bulimia nervosa
C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
,D. Narcissistic personality disorder
Answer: a) Body dysmorphic disorder
Rationale: Body dysmorphic disorder is characterized by a
preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance, which often
leads to repeated mirror checking or avoidance of mirrors altogether.
5. A 19-year-old male presents with increased energy, decreased need
for sleep, and impulsive behaviors, including excessive spending. He
also reports feeling “invincible” and experiencing racing thoughts.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Major depressive disorder
B. Bipolar I disorder
C. Cyclothymic disorder
D. Generalized anxiety disorder
Answer: b) Bipolar I disorder
Rationale: Bipolar I disorder is characterized by manic episodes, which
include symptoms such as increased energy, decreased need for sleep,
impulsivity, and grandiosity. The individual in this case is presenting
with a classic manic episode.
6. A 60-year-old man presents with tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and
postural instability. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Huntington's disease
B. Parkinson’s disease
, C. Multiple sclerosis
D. Alzheimer's disease
Answer: b) Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the classic motor
symptoms of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. It
results from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia
nigra.
7. Which of the following is considered a common side effect of
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
A. Weight loss
B. Sedation
C. Sexual dysfunction
D. Tardive dyskinesia
Answer: c) Sexual dysfunction
Rationale: Sexual dysfunction, including reduced libido, anorgasmia,
and erectile dysfunction, is a common side effect of SSRIs. These
medications work by increasing serotonin levels, which can affect
sexual desire and performance.
8. A 60-year-old female with a history of depression is diagnosed with
mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Which of the following is the most
likely cause of her cognitive decline?
A. Alzheimer's disease
undergoing withdrawal. Which of the following medications is used to
prevent alcohol withdrawal seizures?
A. Diazepam
B. Sertraline
C. Clonidine
D. Methadone
Answer: a) Diazepam
Rationale: Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, is commonly used to prevent
and treat alcohol withdrawal seizures. It acts as a central nervous
system depressant to counteract the excitatory symptoms of
withdrawal.
2. A 32-year-old male is diagnosed with schizophrenia and has been
prescribed an antipsychotic medication. Which of the following side
effects is more common with first-generation antipsychotics?
A. Weight gain
B. Extrapyramidal symptoms
C. Sexual dysfunction
D. Metabolic syndrome
Answer: b) Extrapyramidal symptoms
,Rationale: First-generation antipsychotics are more commonly
associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), including tremors,
rigidity, and bradykinesia. These symptoms result from the blockade of
dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.
3. A 25-year-old female presents with episodes of rapid speech,
decreased need for sleep, and engaging in risky behaviors. Which of the
following medications is most commonly used to treat manic episodes
in bipolar disorder?
A. Lithium
B. Fluoxetine
C. Risperidone
D. Sertraline
Answer: a) Lithium
Rationale: Lithium is considered the gold standard for the treatment of
manic episodes in bipolar disorder. It is effective in reducing the
severity and frequency of manic episodes.
4. A 30-year-old male presents with excessive preoccupation with his
body appearance and frequent mirror checking. Despite being of
average build, he is preoccupied with his perceived flaws. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Body dysmorphic disorder
B. Bulimia nervosa
C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
,D. Narcissistic personality disorder
Answer: a) Body dysmorphic disorder
Rationale: Body dysmorphic disorder is characterized by a
preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance, which often
leads to repeated mirror checking or avoidance of mirrors altogether.
5. A 19-year-old male presents with increased energy, decreased need
for sleep, and impulsive behaviors, including excessive spending. He
also reports feeling “invincible” and experiencing racing thoughts.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Major depressive disorder
B. Bipolar I disorder
C. Cyclothymic disorder
D. Generalized anxiety disorder
Answer: b) Bipolar I disorder
Rationale: Bipolar I disorder is characterized by manic episodes, which
include symptoms such as increased energy, decreased need for sleep,
impulsivity, and grandiosity. The individual in this case is presenting
with a classic manic episode.
6. A 60-year-old man presents with tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and
postural instability. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Huntington's disease
B. Parkinson’s disease
, C. Multiple sclerosis
D. Alzheimer's disease
Answer: b) Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the classic motor
symptoms of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. It
results from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia
nigra.
7. Which of the following is considered a common side effect of
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?
A. Weight loss
B. Sedation
C. Sexual dysfunction
D. Tardive dyskinesia
Answer: c) Sexual dysfunction
Rationale: Sexual dysfunction, including reduced libido, anorgasmia,
and erectile dysfunction, is a common side effect of SSRIs. These
medications work by increasing serotonin levels, which can affect
sexual desire and performance.
8. A 60-year-old female with a history of depression is diagnosed with
mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Which of the following is the most
likely cause of her cognitive decline?
A. Alzheimer's disease
