N138 Midterm Questions And Answers With Complete
Solutions
Be able to define ethnocentrism: Correct Answers
Ethnocentrism - inclination to view one's own cultural group as
the standard by which to judge the value of other cultural groups
Be able to match nursing definitions with the nurses who
espoused them Correct Answers - Florence Nightingale: I use
the word nursing for want of a better. It has been limited to
signify little more than the administration of medicines and the
application of poultices. It ought to signify the proper use of
fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper
selection and administration of diet— all at the least expense of
vital power to the patient. Informed observations.
- Shaws Textbook of Nursing: it properly includes, as well as the
execution of specific orders, the administration of food and
medicine, the personal care of the patient
- Harmer's textbook of the principles and practice of nursing: the
object of nursing is not only to cure the sick...but to bring health
and ease, rest and comorts to mind and body. It's object is to
prevent disease and to preserve health.
- Harmer and Henderson: nursing may be defined as that service
to an individual that helps him to attain or maintain a healthy
state of mind or body
- Post WWII, Hildegard Peplau: pioneer, "nursing is a
significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process, nursing is an
educative instrument, that sims to promote forward movement
of personality in the direction of creative, constructive,
productive, personal, and community living."
,- Dorothea Orem: Nursing is perhaps best described as the
giving of direct assistance to a person, as required, because of
the person's specific inabilites in self-care resulting from a
situation of personal health.
- Virginia Henderson: her earlier definition had evolved. "The
unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or
well, in the performance of those activities contribution to health
or its recovery that he would perform unaided if he had the
necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a
way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.
- Martha Roger
Be able to recognize a chronic illness Correct Answers
develops gradually, requires ongoing attention and monitoring,
can continue for a lifetime. Caused by permanent changes that
leave residual disability. Factors that contribute: sedentary
lifestyle, obesity, aging population. (but can happen purely
randomly)
- Ex: hypertension, diabetes, parkinsons. They can be treated by
not cured.
Be able to recognize an acute illness Correct Answers
characterized by severe symptoms that are relatively short-lived.
EX: Cold, Flu, minor MI, Appendicitis.
- People with acute illness usually return to their precious level
of wellness. Some acute illnesses can lead to chronic illness (ex:
myocardial infarction may lead to CHF)
Be able to recognize internal influences on illness behaviors ( 2
questions) Correct Answers Personality characteristics are
internal variable that determine how one manages illness:
, - Dependence and independence
Dependence: rely on others to take care of them
Independence: patients in this state need assistance in
recognizing limitations and using available resources to meet
needs
- Coping ability
Coping: term that describes the strategies a person uses to assess
and manage demands
- Resourcefulness
Use of cognitive skills that one uses to adapt to the world around
them
- Resilience
- Spirituality & religion
Be able to recognize stages of adjustment to an illness Correct
Answers - Disbelief and denial
Cant believe signs and symptoms are caused by illness
May think symptoms will go away
- Irritability and anger
Ability to function declines
Anger may be directed at others or inward towards self
- Attempting to gain control
Use OTC meds, home remedies
Aware they are ill and experience concern or fear
Fear will stimulate treatment seeking behavior
- Depression and grief
Grief: the normal response to any loss, including ones health
Depression: a treatable mental health condition
- acceptance/participation
ready to participate in decisions, hope attached to treatment;
feelings of mastery of the illness
Solutions
Be able to define ethnocentrism: Correct Answers
Ethnocentrism - inclination to view one's own cultural group as
the standard by which to judge the value of other cultural groups
Be able to match nursing definitions with the nurses who
espoused them Correct Answers - Florence Nightingale: I use
the word nursing for want of a better. It has been limited to
signify little more than the administration of medicines and the
application of poultices. It ought to signify the proper use of
fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper
selection and administration of diet— all at the least expense of
vital power to the patient. Informed observations.
- Shaws Textbook of Nursing: it properly includes, as well as the
execution of specific orders, the administration of food and
medicine, the personal care of the patient
- Harmer's textbook of the principles and practice of nursing: the
object of nursing is not only to cure the sick...but to bring health
and ease, rest and comorts to mind and body. It's object is to
prevent disease and to preserve health.
- Harmer and Henderson: nursing may be defined as that service
to an individual that helps him to attain or maintain a healthy
state of mind or body
- Post WWII, Hildegard Peplau: pioneer, "nursing is a
significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process, nursing is an
educative instrument, that sims to promote forward movement
of personality in the direction of creative, constructive,
productive, personal, and community living."
,- Dorothea Orem: Nursing is perhaps best described as the
giving of direct assistance to a person, as required, because of
the person's specific inabilites in self-care resulting from a
situation of personal health.
- Virginia Henderson: her earlier definition had evolved. "The
unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or
well, in the performance of those activities contribution to health
or its recovery that he would perform unaided if he had the
necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a
way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.
- Martha Roger
Be able to recognize a chronic illness Correct Answers
develops gradually, requires ongoing attention and monitoring,
can continue for a lifetime. Caused by permanent changes that
leave residual disability. Factors that contribute: sedentary
lifestyle, obesity, aging population. (but can happen purely
randomly)
- Ex: hypertension, diabetes, parkinsons. They can be treated by
not cured.
Be able to recognize an acute illness Correct Answers
characterized by severe symptoms that are relatively short-lived.
EX: Cold, Flu, minor MI, Appendicitis.
- People with acute illness usually return to their precious level
of wellness. Some acute illnesses can lead to chronic illness (ex:
myocardial infarction may lead to CHF)
Be able to recognize internal influences on illness behaviors ( 2
questions) Correct Answers Personality characteristics are
internal variable that determine how one manages illness:
, - Dependence and independence
Dependence: rely on others to take care of them
Independence: patients in this state need assistance in
recognizing limitations and using available resources to meet
needs
- Coping ability
Coping: term that describes the strategies a person uses to assess
and manage demands
- Resourcefulness
Use of cognitive skills that one uses to adapt to the world around
them
- Resilience
- Spirituality & religion
Be able to recognize stages of adjustment to an illness Correct
Answers - Disbelief and denial
Cant believe signs and symptoms are caused by illness
May think symptoms will go away
- Irritability and anger
Ability to function declines
Anger may be directed at others or inward towards self
- Attempting to gain control
Use OTC meds, home remedies
Aware they are ill and experience concern or fear
Fear will stimulate treatment seeking behavior
- Depression and grief
Grief: the normal response to any loss, including ones health
Depression: a treatable mental health condition
- acceptance/participation
ready to participate in decisions, hope attached to treatment;
feelings of mastery of the illness
