PSY 121 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
psychology - Answers the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
objective introspection - Answers the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and
mental activities
functionalism - Answers early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the
focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play
Gestalt psychology - Answers early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation,
particularly the perception of patterns and whole firgures
psychoanalysis - Answers Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based no it; an
insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscicous conflicts
behaviorism - Answers the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
psychodynamic perspective - Answers modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the
development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person's behavior than
sexual motivations
behavioral perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on how behavioral responses
are learned through classical or operant conditioning
humanistic perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on human potential, free will,
and possibility of self-actualization
cognitive perspective - Answers modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen to occur because
the conditioned stimulus provides information or expectancy about the coming of the unconditioned
stimulus
cognitive neuroscience - Answers study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during
thinking
sociocultural perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on the behavior of individuals
as the result of the presence (real or imagined) of other individuals, as part of groups, or as part of a
larger culture
biophysical perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on influences of hormones,
brain structures and chemicals, disease, etc.; human and animal behavior as seen as a direct result of
events in the body
evolutionary perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on the biological bases for
universal mental characteristics, such as why we lie, how attractiveness influences mate selection, the
universality of fear, and why we enjoy things like music and dance
, psychologist - Answers a professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more
areas of psychology
psychiatrist - Answers a medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of
psychological disorders
psychiatric social worker - Answers a social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses
on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty,
overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse
basic research - Answers research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge
applied research - Answers research aimed at answering real-world, practical problems
scientific method - Answers system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced
hypothesis - Answers tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations
replicate - Answers in research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be
obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results
observer effect - Answers tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they
know they are being observed
participant observation - Answers a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant
in the group being observed
observer bias - Answers tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
case study - Answers study of one individual in great detail
representative sample - Answers randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of
subjects
population - Answers the entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested
correlation - Answers a measure of the relationship between two variables
correlation coefficient - Answers a number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and
indicating the strength and direction of a correlation
experiment - Answers a deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in
behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships
operational definition - Answers definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured
independent variable - Answers variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter
psychology - Answers the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
objective introspection - Answers the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and
mental activities
functionalism - Answers early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the
focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play
Gestalt psychology - Answers early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation,
particularly the perception of patterns and whole firgures
psychoanalysis - Answers Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based no it; an
insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscicous conflicts
behaviorism - Answers the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
psychodynamic perspective - Answers modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the
development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person's behavior than
sexual motivations
behavioral perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on how behavioral responses
are learned through classical or operant conditioning
humanistic perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on human potential, free will,
and possibility of self-actualization
cognitive perspective - Answers modern theory in which classical conditioning is seen to occur because
the conditioned stimulus provides information or expectancy about the coming of the unconditioned
stimulus
cognitive neuroscience - Answers study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during
thinking
sociocultural perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on the behavior of individuals
as the result of the presence (real or imagined) of other individuals, as part of groups, or as part of a
larger culture
biophysical perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on influences of hormones,
brain structures and chemicals, disease, etc.; human and animal behavior as seen as a direct result of
events in the body
evolutionary perspective - Answers psychological perspective that focuses on the biological bases for
universal mental characteristics, such as why we lie, how attractiveness influences mate selection, the
universality of fear, and why we enjoy things like music and dance
, psychologist - Answers a professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more
areas of psychology
psychiatrist - Answers a medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of
psychological disorders
psychiatric social worker - Answers a social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses
on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty,
overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse
basic research - Answers research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge
applied research - Answers research aimed at answering real-world, practical problems
scientific method - Answers system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced
hypothesis - Answers tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations
replicate - Answers in research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be
obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results
observer effect - Answers tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they
know they are being observed
participant observation - Answers a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant
in the group being observed
observer bias - Answers tendency of observers to see what they expect to see
case study - Answers study of one individual in great detail
representative sample - Answers randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of
subjects
population - Answers the entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested
correlation - Answers a measure of the relationship between two variables
correlation coefficient - Answers a number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and
indicating the strength and direction of a correlation
experiment - Answers a deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in
behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships
operational definition - Answers definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured
independent variable - Answers variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter
