ACTION Personal Trainer Exam
Questions and Answers 2025/2026
Movement efficiency
The ability to generate appropriate levels of force and movement at desired joints while stabilizing the
entire kinetic chain against reactive and gravity-based forces
Static posture
represents the alignment of the body's segments, how the person holds themselves isometrically
Structural integrity
the alignment and balance of the musculoskeletal system, allows for joints, muscles, and nerves to
function efficiently together
Lordosis
increased anterior curvature of lumbar spine
Kyphosis
increased posterior thoracic curve from neutral
Flat Back
decreased anterior lumbar curve
Sway Back
decreased anterior lumbar curve and increased posterior thoracic curve from neutral
Scoliosis
lateral spinal curvature
Right-Angle Rule
demonstrates how the human body represents itself in vertical alignment across the major joints - the
ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, and head
allows the observer to look at the individual in all three planes to note specific "static" asymmetries at the
joints
Major Joints for RAR
Ankle, Knee, Hip, Shoulder, Head
Line of gravity
good posture is observed when the body parts are symmetrically balanced around the LOG
Muscular System
work to produce force, maintain posture, allow movement, & produce heat
Skeletal System
, collection of bones that holds the body up and in place, support and leverage
contains axial & appendicular skeletons
Respiratory System
the system of the body that deals with breathing; primary muscles are external intercostals & diaphragm
Nervous System
how the brain sends messages; complex and delicate (CNS & PNS)
Kinetic Chain
1) muscular
2) articular
3) neutral
refers to sensorimotor integration of these systems for motor output
3 Major Functions of Nervous System
1) Sensory - to gather information about our inner and external surroundings
2) Integrative - to process and interpret the information
3) Motor - to respond to these stimuli
7 Functions the Cardiovascular System
1) Transportation of blood
2) Transportation of nutrients
3) Transportation (removal) of waste
4) Transportation of enzymes & hormones
5) Regulation of pH
6) Regulate fluid volume (prevent dehydration)
7) Regulate body temperature
3 Components of Cardiovascular System
1) Heart
2) Blood Vessels
3) Blood
Tendon
the strong connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
Synovial Fluid
Slippery fluid that keeps bones from scratching and grinding against each other
Neuron
Questions and Answers 2025/2026
Movement efficiency
The ability to generate appropriate levels of force and movement at desired joints while stabilizing the
entire kinetic chain against reactive and gravity-based forces
Static posture
represents the alignment of the body's segments, how the person holds themselves isometrically
Structural integrity
the alignment and balance of the musculoskeletal system, allows for joints, muscles, and nerves to
function efficiently together
Lordosis
increased anterior curvature of lumbar spine
Kyphosis
increased posterior thoracic curve from neutral
Flat Back
decreased anterior lumbar curve
Sway Back
decreased anterior lumbar curve and increased posterior thoracic curve from neutral
Scoliosis
lateral spinal curvature
Right-Angle Rule
demonstrates how the human body represents itself in vertical alignment across the major joints - the
ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, and head
allows the observer to look at the individual in all three planes to note specific "static" asymmetries at the
joints
Major Joints for RAR
Ankle, Knee, Hip, Shoulder, Head
Line of gravity
good posture is observed when the body parts are symmetrically balanced around the LOG
Muscular System
work to produce force, maintain posture, allow movement, & produce heat
Skeletal System
, collection of bones that holds the body up and in place, support and leverage
contains axial & appendicular skeletons
Respiratory System
the system of the body that deals with breathing; primary muscles are external intercostals & diaphragm
Nervous System
how the brain sends messages; complex and delicate (CNS & PNS)
Kinetic Chain
1) muscular
2) articular
3) neutral
refers to sensorimotor integration of these systems for motor output
3 Major Functions of Nervous System
1) Sensory - to gather information about our inner and external surroundings
2) Integrative - to process and interpret the information
3) Motor - to respond to these stimuli
7 Functions the Cardiovascular System
1) Transportation of blood
2) Transportation of nutrients
3) Transportation (removal) of waste
4) Transportation of enzymes & hormones
5) Regulation of pH
6) Regulate fluid volume (prevent dehydration)
7) Regulate body temperature
3 Components of Cardiovascular System
1) Heart
2) Blood Vessels
3) Blood
Tendon
the strong connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
Synovial Fluid
Slippery fluid that keeps bones from scratching and grinding against each other
Neuron
