NS 119 MIDTERM2 EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
mesenchymal stem cells
differentiates into osteoclasts, fibroblasts
Hematapoietic stem cells
differentiates into RBCs
erythropoietin
hormones that increases RBC production; drug usually used on chemo pts
erythropoiesis
production of red blood cells that increases with hypoxic conditions; hemoglobin
increases and nucleus decreases with each step; has nutritional requirements of protein,
iron, copper, vitamins
hemoglobin
2a, 2b polypeptide chains with 4 heme, each containing a Fe and carries an O2
total body iron
bounded to heme or ferratin; very little is excreted in urine, sweat, skin
iron cycle
iron is recycled when stripped and used for new erythrocytes
myelopoiesis
formation of granulocytes and monocytes maturing in bone marrow; either circulates or
stored in blood vessels to be deployed when needed
,lymphopoiesis
production of lymphocytes; mature in lymphoid organs
thrmbopoiesis
platelet development; megakaryocyte replicates DNA but doesn't divide, cell surface
elongates and fragments into platelets; one megakaryocyte can divide into thousands of
platelets
hemostasis
control of bleeding; vascular injury induces vasoconstriction, endothelial damage causes
platelet formation and turns into fibrin plugs for more permanent plugs
van Willebrand factor
subendothelial matrix exposure releases factor to release platelet activators and helps
them stick
intrinsic clotting pathway
factor 12 constricts subendothelial matrix
extrinsic clotting pathway
thromboplastin released by damaged endothelial cells
what prevents spontaneous hematosis
tissue factor, thrombin inhibitors and mechanisms to degrade clotting factors
clot retraction
fibrin strands shorten to approximate edges of injury
fibronolytic system
, blood clot lyses since it's not needed after clot retraction
erythropoietin stimulation at birth
higher blood cell count at birth bc umbilical cord cutting creates hypoxic environments
erythrocyte function with age
replaced more slowly bc iron deficiency, inefficient absorption and recycling
anisocytosis
RBCs present in various sizes
poikilocytosis
RBCs present in various shapes
plasma composition
91% water, 9% solutes; makes up 55% of blood
plasma
liquid portion of blood containing albumin, globulins, clotting factors
albumin
carrier, maintains plasma pressure
globulins
carrier, immunoglobulin
erythrocytes
most abundant RBC responsible for tissue oxygenation; has 100-120 day life cycle to
ensure body has enough to use
ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
mesenchymal stem cells
differentiates into osteoclasts, fibroblasts
Hematapoietic stem cells
differentiates into RBCs
erythropoietin
hormones that increases RBC production; drug usually used on chemo pts
erythropoiesis
production of red blood cells that increases with hypoxic conditions; hemoglobin
increases and nucleus decreases with each step; has nutritional requirements of protein,
iron, copper, vitamins
hemoglobin
2a, 2b polypeptide chains with 4 heme, each containing a Fe and carries an O2
total body iron
bounded to heme or ferratin; very little is excreted in urine, sweat, skin
iron cycle
iron is recycled when stripped and used for new erythrocytes
myelopoiesis
formation of granulocytes and monocytes maturing in bone marrow; either circulates or
stored in blood vessels to be deployed when needed
,lymphopoiesis
production of lymphocytes; mature in lymphoid organs
thrmbopoiesis
platelet development; megakaryocyte replicates DNA but doesn't divide, cell surface
elongates and fragments into platelets; one megakaryocyte can divide into thousands of
platelets
hemostasis
control of bleeding; vascular injury induces vasoconstriction, endothelial damage causes
platelet formation and turns into fibrin plugs for more permanent plugs
van Willebrand factor
subendothelial matrix exposure releases factor to release platelet activators and helps
them stick
intrinsic clotting pathway
factor 12 constricts subendothelial matrix
extrinsic clotting pathway
thromboplastin released by damaged endothelial cells
what prevents spontaneous hematosis
tissue factor, thrombin inhibitors and mechanisms to degrade clotting factors
clot retraction
fibrin strands shorten to approximate edges of injury
fibronolytic system
, blood clot lyses since it's not needed after clot retraction
erythropoietin stimulation at birth
higher blood cell count at birth bc umbilical cord cutting creates hypoxic environments
erythrocyte function with age
replaced more slowly bc iron deficiency, inefficient absorption and recycling
anisocytosis
RBCs present in various sizes
poikilocytosis
RBCs present in various shapes
plasma composition
91% water, 9% solutes; makes up 55% of blood
plasma
liquid portion of blood containing albumin, globulins, clotting factors
albumin
carrier, maintains plasma pressure
globulins
carrier, immunoglobulin
erythrocytes
most abundant RBC responsible for tissue oxygenation; has 100-120 day life cycle to
ensure body has enough to use
