AHA BLS Provider Manual
how fast should you start compressions when you recognize cardiac arrest -
10 seconds
CPR compression rate -
100 to 120/min
CPR depth for adults -
2 in (5 cm) - 2.4 in (6 cm)
CPR depth for children -
one third of the chest (2in or 5cm)
CPR depth for infants -
one third of the chest (1 1/2 in or 4 cm)
after each compression -
allow chest to fully recoil
Minimize interruptions in CPR to -
less than 10 seconds
Effective breaths -
make the chest rise
PPE -
Personal Protective Equipment
worn to help protect recuser from health or safety risks
medical gloves
eye protection
full body coverage
high-visibility clothing
safety footwear
safety helmets
ECC -
emergency cardiovascular care
where can cardiac arrest happen -
anywhere - most out of hospital cardiac arrests occur at home
IHCA -
In hospital cardiac arrest
OHCA -
out of hospital cardiac arrest
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,ROSC -
return of spontaneous circulation
Cath lab -
cardiac catheterization suite or laboratory
specialized procedure rooms in a hospital that is used to evaluate the heart and the blood
vessels around the heart and lungs
what is a cardiac catheter -
catheter inserted into an artery or vein to help study the heart and surrounding
structures - catheter can help open a blocked artery
IHCA Chain of survival -
1. Surveillance, prevention and treatment of PREARREST CONDITIONS
2. immediate RECOGNITION of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response
system
3. early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions
4. Rapid DEFIBRILLATION
5. Multidisciplinary POST-CATDIAC ARREST CARE
recognition of cardiac arrest -
unresponsiveness, no breathing (no normal breathing / gasping only) and no pulse
early CPR -
bystanders who are not trained are encouraged to provide chest compressions - can
be guided by a dispatcher over the phone
OHCA Chain of Survival -
1. immediate RECOGNITION of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency
response system
2. early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions
3. rapid DEFIBRILLATION with an AED
4. effective ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT (including rapid stabilization and transport to
post-cardiac arrest care)
5. Multidisciplinary POST-CARDIAC ARREST CARE
IHCA vs OHCA initial support -
IHCA - hospital system of surveillance, monitoring and prevention
OHCA - community and EMS providers
IHCA vs OHCA resuscitation teams -
IHCA - multidisciplinary team of professional providers (physicians, nurses, etc) and
various departments (patient ward, Cath lab, ICUl, etc)
OHCA - lay rescuers, EMS, Cath lab, ICU
IHCA vs OHCA available resources -
2|Page
, IHCA - all resources
OHCA - AED, first aid equipment, dispatcher guidance, what EMS brought with them
IHCA vs OHCA resuscitation contraints -
both may be affected by cloud control, family presence, space constraints, resources,
device failures, training, transportation
IHCA vs OHCA level of complexity -
both are complex
Pediatric Chain of Survival -
1. PREVENTION of arrest
2. early high quality BYSTANDER CPR
3. RAPID ACTIVATION of emergency response system
4. effective ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT ( including rapid stabilization and transportation
to post-cardiac arrest care)
5. integrated POST-CARDIAC ARREST CARE
cardiac arrest in children -
secondary to respiratory failure and shock
Sudden cardiac arrest -
the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and can't pump blood
within seconds the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing/only gasping
death occurs within minutes if no treatment is given
leading cause pf death
Heart attack -
blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked. a clot forms in a blood vessel.
carrying oxygenated blood to the heart. If vessel is not opened the muscle will die
severe discomfort in chest or other upper areas of the body, shortness of breath, cold sweats,
nausea/vomiting
heart keeps pumping but the longer the person goes without care the greater damage to the
heart
can lead to sudden cardiac arrest
women more likely yo experience: pain in jaw, arms back or neck, light-headedness and
vomiting
Hands on CPR -
chest compressions only - done by bystander with little to no training
30:2 CPR -
3|Page
how fast should you start compressions when you recognize cardiac arrest -
10 seconds
CPR compression rate -
100 to 120/min
CPR depth for adults -
2 in (5 cm) - 2.4 in (6 cm)
CPR depth for children -
one third of the chest (2in or 5cm)
CPR depth for infants -
one third of the chest (1 1/2 in or 4 cm)
after each compression -
allow chest to fully recoil
Minimize interruptions in CPR to -
less than 10 seconds
Effective breaths -
make the chest rise
PPE -
Personal Protective Equipment
worn to help protect recuser from health or safety risks
medical gloves
eye protection
full body coverage
high-visibility clothing
safety footwear
safety helmets
ECC -
emergency cardiovascular care
where can cardiac arrest happen -
anywhere - most out of hospital cardiac arrests occur at home
IHCA -
In hospital cardiac arrest
OHCA -
out of hospital cardiac arrest
1|Page
,ROSC -
return of spontaneous circulation
Cath lab -
cardiac catheterization suite or laboratory
specialized procedure rooms in a hospital that is used to evaluate the heart and the blood
vessels around the heart and lungs
what is a cardiac catheter -
catheter inserted into an artery or vein to help study the heart and surrounding
structures - catheter can help open a blocked artery
IHCA Chain of survival -
1. Surveillance, prevention and treatment of PREARREST CONDITIONS
2. immediate RECOGNITION of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response
system
3. early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions
4. Rapid DEFIBRILLATION
5. Multidisciplinary POST-CATDIAC ARREST CARE
recognition of cardiac arrest -
unresponsiveness, no breathing (no normal breathing / gasping only) and no pulse
early CPR -
bystanders who are not trained are encouraged to provide chest compressions - can
be guided by a dispatcher over the phone
OHCA Chain of Survival -
1. immediate RECOGNITION of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency
response system
2. early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions
3. rapid DEFIBRILLATION with an AED
4. effective ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT (including rapid stabilization and transport to
post-cardiac arrest care)
5. Multidisciplinary POST-CARDIAC ARREST CARE
IHCA vs OHCA initial support -
IHCA - hospital system of surveillance, monitoring and prevention
OHCA - community and EMS providers
IHCA vs OHCA resuscitation teams -
IHCA - multidisciplinary team of professional providers (physicians, nurses, etc) and
various departments (patient ward, Cath lab, ICUl, etc)
OHCA - lay rescuers, EMS, Cath lab, ICU
IHCA vs OHCA available resources -
2|Page
, IHCA - all resources
OHCA - AED, first aid equipment, dispatcher guidance, what EMS brought with them
IHCA vs OHCA resuscitation contraints -
both may be affected by cloud control, family presence, space constraints, resources,
device failures, training, transportation
IHCA vs OHCA level of complexity -
both are complex
Pediatric Chain of Survival -
1. PREVENTION of arrest
2. early high quality BYSTANDER CPR
3. RAPID ACTIVATION of emergency response system
4. effective ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT ( including rapid stabilization and transportation
to post-cardiac arrest care)
5. integrated POST-CARDIAC ARREST CARE
cardiac arrest in children -
secondary to respiratory failure and shock
Sudden cardiac arrest -
the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and can't pump blood
within seconds the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing/only gasping
death occurs within minutes if no treatment is given
leading cause pf death
Heart attack -
blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked. a clot forms in a blood vessel.
carrying oxygenated blood to the heart. If vessel is not opened the muscle will die
severe discomfort in chest or other upper areas of the body, shortness of breath, cold sweats,
nausea/vomiting
heart keeps pumping but the longer the person goes without care the greater damage to the
heart
can lead to sudden cardiac arrest
women more likely yo experience: pain in jaw, arms back or neck, light-headedness and
vomiting
Hands on CPR -
chest compressions only - done by bystander with little to no training
30:2 CPR -
3|Page
