QBM Exam 1 questions with verified answers
What is meant by the term "quantitative" from the name quantitative biological
methods ? Ans✓✓-To specifically count or make accurate measurements of a
biological sample using laboratory techniques
Define recombinant DNA technology Ans✓✓-Using molecular biology techniques
such as cloning,PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis to take
a gene from one source and join it with another piece of DNA, creating a new
recombinant DNA molecule that can be inserted into bacteria or other host and
further studied
Name three characteristics of DNA Ans✓✓-Double stranded, 5'➡️3' directionality,
antiparallel, base pairing adenine with thymine and cytosine with a guanine via
hydrogen bonding, stabalized by base stacking and hydrogen bonds
What is the central dogma of molecular biology ? Ans✓✓-DNA encodes RNA
(transcription) which encodes proteins(translation)
How does RNA differ from DNA? What is the significance of these differences?
Ans✓✓-RNA is usually single stranded , contains uracil instead of thymine and
has a 2' oh. Cytosine can be deaminated into uracil which would be impossible to
repair in RNA since uracil is a standard base but DNA does not contain uracil and it
can therefore be easily repaired back to cytosine . Additionally RNA has a 2' oh
which causes an irregular double stranded structure and allows for self CEL age
What roles do RNAs play in the cell Ans✓✓-RNAs perform many cell functions
such as rRNA in the ribosome which synthesizes proteins, tRNA which carries
amino acids to the ribosome , mRNA which encodes proteins, and miRNA which
silences expression
,Describe an amino acid and how they are classified. How do these different a sink
acids allow for protein specificity and function? Ans✓✓-An amino acid consist of
an amino terminus, a carbonyl terminus, and an alpha carbon with an attached r
group that varies . There are 20 total amino acids grouped as non polar aliphatic
(branched chains) aromatic (mostly non polar /hydrophobic but some.can h bond)
polar uncharged, acidic(neg charged), basic(pos charged). The unique sixes,
shapes, and charges in amino acids allow for unique protein shapes which
provides the basis for protein interactions, specificity and function
What is meant when proteins are translated N to C ? Ans✓✓-Proteins are
synthesized by the ribosome N to C which means that the first amino acid
(methionine) will have a free N terminus and its carboxyl group will form a
peptide bond with the amino group of the next amino acid. The end of the
protein will have a fee c terminus
Describe the four levels of protein structure. How do domains and subunits
differ? Ans✓✓-Primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (alpha helictites and
beta sheets strands) , tertiary ( overall three dimensional folded structures) ,
quaternary (multiple polypeptide chains interacting) . Domains are specialized
independent sections of a protein which are connected to other domains by the
polypeptide chain. Subunits are individual polypeptide chains that interact
through weak interactions or disulfide binds to form a quaternary structure
When viewing a DNA or protein structure, which of the following best represents
what it would look like to other molecules or proteins (as in alpha carbon trace,
molecular surface , ball and stick , cartoon/ribbon or mesh representation ?
Ans✓✓-The molecular surface representation is best for viewing the solvent-
exposed surface of a protein, which is how other molecules or proteins see it
, Which branch of the government oversees Workplace safety? Ans✓✓-
Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
What is and SDS and what type of information would it contain? Ans✓✓-The
Safety Data Sheer contains all of the information about a chemical: storage,
health warnings, safety measures, PPE, proper disposal, flammability, what to do
if contacted or swallowed etc.
The QBM and Microbiology labs at UCf ar bio safety level Ans✓✓-BSL2
A laboratory that works with a pathogen for which there is no treatment is rated
Ans✓✓-BSL4
Rank the following in order of overall fit as well as most to least protection from
chemicals and pathogens: plastic gloves, no gloves, nitrile gloves, latex gloves.
Why are nitrile gloves often preferred to latex gloves? Ans✓✓-Latex gloves offer
the best fit and protection, followed by nitrile gloves, followed by plastic gloves,
and no gloves. Nitrile gloves while slightly less protective, are often preferred
because people with latex allergies can use them
Name the types of hazards you might see in the laboratory Ans✓✓-Biological,
chemical and mechanical
Why should hands be washed after discarding gloves? Ans✓✓-Hands should be
washed after discarding gloves because some chemicals can still pass through
them
What is meant by the term "quantitative" from the name quantitative biological
methods ? Ans✓✓-To specifically count or make accurate measurements of a
biological sample using laboratory techniques
Define recombinant DNA technology Ans✓✓-Using molecular biology techniques
such as cloning,PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis to take
a gene from one source and join it with another piece of DNA, creating a new
recombinant DNA molecule that can be inserted into bacteria or other host and
further studied
Name three characteristics of DNA Ans✓✓-Double stranded, 5'➡️3' directionality,
antiparallel, base pairing adenine with thymine and cytosine with a guanine via
hydrogen bonding, stabalized by base stacking and hydrogen bonds
What is the central dogma of molecular biology ? Ans✓✓-DNA encodes RNA
(transcription) which encodes proteins(translation)
How does RNA differ from DNA? What is the significance of these differences?
Ans✓✓-RNA is usually single stranded , contains uracil instead of thymine and
has a 2' oh. Cytosine can be deaminated into uracil which would be impossible to
repair in RNA since uracil is a standard base but DNA does not contain uracil and it
can therefore be easily repaired back to cytosine . Additionally RNA has a 2' oh
which causes an irregular double stranded structure and allows for self CEL age
What roles do RNAs play in the cell Ans✓✓-RNAs perform many cell functions
such as rRNA in the ribosome which synthesizes proteins, tRNA which carries
amino acids to the ribosome , mRNA which encodes proteins, and miRNA which
silences expression
,Describe an amino acid and how they are classified. How do these different a sink
acids allow for protein specificity and function? Ans✓✓-An amino acid consist of
an amino terminus, a carbonyl terminus, and an alpha carbon with an attached r
group that varies . There are 20 total amino acids grouped as non polar aliphatic
(branched chains) aromatic (mostly non polar /hydrophobic but some.can h bond)
polar uncharged, acidic(neg charged), basic(pos charged). The unique sixes,
shapes, and charges in amino acids allow for unique protein shapes which
provides the basis for protein interactions, specificity and function
What is meant when proteins are translated N to C ? Ans✓✓-Proteins are
synthesized by the ribosome N to C which means that the first amino acid
(methionine) will have a free N terminus and its carboxyl group will form a
peptide bond with the amino group of the next amino acid. The end of the
protein will have a fee c terminus
Describe the four levels of protein structure. How do domains and subunits
differ? Ans✓✓-Primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (alpha helictites and
beta sheets strands) , tertiary ( overall three dimensional folded structures) ,
quaternary (multiple polypeptide chains interacting) . Domains are specialized
independent sections of a protein which are connected to other domains by the
polypeptide chain. Subunits are individual polypeptide chains that interact
through weak interactions or disulfide binds to form a quaternary structure
When viewing a DNA or protein structure, which of the following best represents
what it would look like to other molecules or proteins (as in alpha carbon trace,
molecular surface , ball and stick , cartoon/ribbon or mesh representation ?
Ans✓✓-The molecular surface representation is best for viewing the solvent-
exposed surface of a protein, which is how other molecules or proteins see it
, Which branch of the government oversees Workplace safety? Ans✓✓-
Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
What is and SDS and what type of information would it contain? Ans✓✓-The
Safety Data Sheer contains all of the information about a chemical: storage,
health warnings, safety measures, PPE, proper disposal, flammability, what to do
if contacted or swallowed etc.
The QBM and Microbiology labs at UCf ar bio safety level Ans✓✓-BSL2
A laboratory that works with a pathogen for which there is no treatment is rated
Ans✓✓-BSL4
Rank the following in order of overall fit as well as most to least protection from
chemicals and pathogens: plastic gloves, no gloves, nitrile gloves, latex gloves.
Why are nitrile gloves often preferred to latex gloves? Ans✓✓-Latex gloves offer
the best fit and protection, followed by nitrile gloves, followed by plastic gloves,
and no gloves. Nitrile gloves while slightly less protective, are often preferred
because people with latex allergies can use them
Name the types of hazards you might see in the laboratory Ans✓✓-Biological,
chemical and mechanical
Why should hands be washed after discarding gloves? Ans✓✓-Hands should be
washed after discarding gloves because some chemicals can still pass through
them
