N138 Immunity Exam Questions Latest 2025
with Complete Solutions!!
Difference between natural and acquired immunity - ANSWER Natural Immunity
- intact skin
- body PH
- Natural antibodies from mother
- Inflammatory and phagocytic properties
Acquired
- Humoral- antibody mediated
- cell-mediated
General management for infectious/communicable diseases - ANSWER - specific
treatment
- prevent spread
-- Wash hands!
-- Know your precautions
- prevent complications
- comfort
What are risk factors for certain illnesses - ANSWER 1. Immunocompromised: AIDS/HIV,
Transplant, Central line, Chemotherapy, Burns
2. Neonate: herpes, group B strep
3. <3 mos- RSV
4. 3-24 mos- react more severely to resp illness
5. T>41C- pneumonia, meningitis
,6. T w/ petechiae- meningococcemia
Why are infants and newborns at increased risk for sepsis - ANSWER - At birth and
during the newborn period, inflammatory response is not reliably present
- Response to initial exposure to bacterial antigen takes 3 days, increasing risk for sepsis
due to difficulty localizing and fighting bacterial infections
- Under 6 years of age, children do not have a full compliment of immunoglobins
What are the contraindications for immunization besides allergies? - ANSWER A. severe
febrile illness
B. recent administration of immune globulin
- may inhibit the immune response to vaccine
C. Altered immunity
D. Severe pertussis reaction
What should we be aware about allergy risks when immunizing - ANSWER - Hx
- Egg allergy
- Gelatin
- Neomycin
What do we need to educate parent about immunization? - ANSWER - common side
effects
- timing of side effects
- concerning symptoms
- Tylenol, should not be given beforehand can inhibit full effect
key points to know for giving immunizations
, - storage/ admin per manufacture
- several at once is okay
- 2 injections in different sites but the same limb is ok
- Minor illness/low grade T ok
- Recent exposure infections disease ok
- Hx local reaction or family member reaction ok
What are the legal considerations? - ANSWER - date/time
- site/route
- vaccine, manufacture, lot #, expiration date
- name, title, address of administrator
Need consent
If someone is taking steroids and other immunosuppressive meds, what does it put
them at risk for?
JIA: juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a a systemic autoimmune disease - ANSWER Infections
What are systemic types of autoimmune diseases?
What are organ specific types of autoimmune diseases? - ANSWER Systemic : SLE, JIA
(juvenile idiopathic arthritis)
Organ: IDDM (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 1 , Thyroiditis
What happened with the MMR scare? - ANSWER autism and MMR there was a "link"
but thought to be made up bc no other research to support
How is rubeola (measles) spread? - ANSWER Communicable via
- urine,
with Complete Solutions!!
Difference between natural and acquired immunity - ANSWER Natural Immunity
- intact skin
- body PH
- Natural antibodies from mother
- Inflammatory and phagocytic properties
Acquired
- Humoral- antibody mediated
- cell-mediated
General management for infectious/communicable diseases - ANSWER - specific
treatment
- prevent spread
-- Wash hands!
-- Know your precautions
- prevent complications
- comfort
What are risk factors for certain illnesses - ANSWER 1. Immunocompromised: AIDS/HIV,
Transplant, Central line, Chemotherapy, Burns
2. Neonate: herpes, group B strep
3. <3 mos- RSV
4. 3-24 mos- react more severely to resp illness
5. T>41C- pneumonia, meningitis
,6. T w/ petechiae- meningococcemia
Why are infants and newborns at increased risk for sepsis - ANSWER - At birth and
during the newborn period, inflammatory response is not reliably present
- Response to initial exposure to bacterial antigen takes 3 days, increasing risk for sepsis
due to difficulty localizing and fighting bacterial infections
- Under 6 years of age, children do not have a full compliment of immunoglobins
What are the contraindications for immunization besides allergies? - ANSWER A. severe
febrile illness
B. recent administration of immune globulin
- may inhibit the immune response to vaccine
C. Altered immunity
D. Severe pertussis reaction
What should we be aware about allergy risks when immunizing - ANSWER - Hx
- Egg allergy
- Gelatin
- Neomycin
What do we need to educate parent about immunization? - ANSWER - common side
effects
- timing of side effects
- concerning symptoms
- Tylenol, should not be given beforehand can inhibit full effect
key points to know for giving immunizations
, - storage/ admin per manufacture
- several at once is okay
- 2 injections in different sites but the same limb is ok
- Minor illness/low grade T ok
- Recent exposure infections disease ok
- Hx local reaction or family member reaction ok
What are the legal considerations? - ANSWER - date/time
- site/route
- vaccine, manufacture, lot #, expiration date
- name, title, address of administrator
Need consent
If someone is taking steroids and other immunosuppressive meds, what does it put
them at risk for?
JIA: juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a a systemic autoimmune disease - ANSWER Infections
What are systemic types of autoimmune diseases?
What are organ specific types of autoimmune diseases? - ANSWER Systemic : SLE, JIA
(juvenile idiopathic arthritis)
Organ: IDDM (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 1 , Thyroiditis
What happened with the MMR scare? - ANSWER autism and MMR there was a "link"
but thought to be made up bc no other research to support
How is rubeola (measles) spread? - ANSWER Communicable via
- urine,
