BIO 353 Study Guide exam 1
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
The cell - ✔✔The basic unit of structure and function in living things
What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes
smooth ER
rough ER
mitochondria
What are the 3 major disciplines involved with studying biology? - ✔✔bioimaging
biochemistry
mol. biology/genetics
What is light microscopy? - ✔✔visible light passes through a series of lenses to produce
a magnified image
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,What is the resolution limit of the light microscope? - ✔✔.2 nm
Define resolution - ✔✔Describes the degree of clarity, detail, and sharpness of an image
Define magnification - ✔✔the ratio of an object's image size to its real size
what is one of the major advantages of the basic light microscope? - ✔✔ability to image
LIVE cells
State of cells when using amplitude contrast - ✔✔fixed/dead
Describe amplitude contrast - ✔✔a form of contrast generated by the absorption of
selective wave lengths from the visible light spectrum
Describe phase contrast microscopy - ✔✔dependent on light refraction
contrast formed b/c different parts have different densities
State of cells when using phase contrast? - ✔✔living
epifluorescence microscopy - ✔✔detection of specific molecules/ions/organelles that
are MADE fluorescent by coupling them to a flourochrome marker
indirect immunofluorescence - ✔✔i. cells/tissues fixed
ii. exposed to primary antibody, antibody binds to specific protein (ie antigen)
iii. exposed to secondary antibody that is coupled to a flourochrome marker
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, What is GFP and how is it coupled to the proteins in different cellular structures (direct
method)? - ✔✔Green Fluorescent Protein binds the flourescent sntibody to the
corresponding antigen on the target protein
Whats the advantage of using GFP? - ✔✔cells are ALIVE
What are vital fluorescent dyes (direct method)? - ✔✔harmless dyes used to stain living
tissue for observation
confocal microscopy - ✔✔a light microscope that uses fluorescent stains and laser to
make two- and three-dimensional images
Advantages of confocal microscopy - ✔✔increased clarity of images and resolution
What is electron microscopy? - ✔✔technique used for obtaining high resolution images
of specimens
transmission electron microscope - ✔✔used to study the internal structure of cells
Advantage of electron microscope - ✔✔shorter wavelength of electron beam= increased
resolution and magnification
Disadvantage of electron microscopes - ✔✔cannot view living things- life is not
compatible with vacuum
Electron tomography - ✔✔provides highest and most accurate 3-D resolution for
ultrasound studies
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
The cell - ✔✔The basic unit of structure and function in living things
What are the major Organelles/ structures of a basic eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes
smooth ER
rough ER
mitochondria
What are the 3 major disciplines involved with studying biology? - ✔✔bioimaging
biochemistry
mol. biology/genetics
What is light microscopy? - ✔✔visible light passes through a series of lenses to produce
a magnified image
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,What is the resolution limit of the light microscope? - ✔✔.2 nm
Define resolution - ✔✔Describes the degree of clarity, detail, and sharpness of an image
Define magnification - ✔✔the ratio of an object's image size to its real size
what is one of the major advantages of the basic light microscope? - ✔✔ability to image
LIVE cells
State of cells when using amplitude contrast - ✔✔fixed/dead
Describe amplitude contrast - ✔✔a form of contrast generated by the absorption of
selective wave lengths from the visible light spectrum
Describe phase contrast microscopy - ✔✔dependent on light refraction
contrast formed b/c different parts have different densities
State of cells when using phase contrast? - ✔✔living
epifluorescence microscopy - ✔✔detection of specific molecules/ions/organelles that
are MADE fluorescent by coupling them to a flourochrome marker
indirect immunofluorescence - ✔✔i. cells/tissues fixed
ii. exposed to primary antibody, antibody binds to specific protein (ie antigen)
iii. exposed to secondary antibody that is coupled to a flourochrome marker
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, What is GFP and how is it coupled to the proteins in different cellular structures (direct
method)? - ✔✔Green Fluorescent Protein binds the flourescent sntibody to the
corresponding antigen on the target protein
Whats the advantage of using GFP? - ✔✔cells are ALIVE
What are vital fluorescent dyes (direct method)? - ✔✔harmless dyes used to stain living
tissue for observation
confocal microscopy - ✔✔a light microscope that uses fluorescent stains and laser to
make two- and three-dimensional images
Advantages of confocal microscopy - ✔✔increased clarity of images and resolution
What is electron microscopy? - ✔✔technique used for obtaining high resolution images
of specimens
transmission electron microscope - ✔✔used to study the internal structure of cells
Advantage of electron microscope - ✔✔shorter wavelength of electron beam= increased
resolution and magnification
Disadvantage of electron microscopes - ✔✔cannot view living things- life is not
compatible with vacuum
Electron tomography - ✔✔provides highest and most accurate 3-D resolution for
ultrasound studies
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
