NRS 155 Exam 2 100% Solved
Nitrates - ANSWER *Mechanism of action:
-Vasodilate blood vessels via relaxation of smooth muscles
-Coronary artery vasodilates to give O2 to previously ischemic areas
-Reduced venous return to the heart*
Rapid-Acting Nitrate - ANSWER Used for acute angina attacks. Taken sublingually or IV.
Long-acting Nitrate - ANSWER Used for preventing angina episode. Can be taken PO,
SL, transdermal, IV
Nitroglycerin (Nitro-bid, Nitro-stat, Nitro-dur) - ANSWER Nitrate drug name that can be
both rapid and long acting
Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil) - ANSWER Alternative rapid acting nitrate to nitroglycerin
Isosbordide Mononitrate - ANSWER Long-acting Nitrate drug name
Nitrate contraindications - ANSWER -Drug Allergy
*Severe Anemia
-Closed-angle glaucoma
-Hypotension
-Sever head injury
[[Use of Erectile Dysfunction drugs (Viagra, Cialis)]]
Nitrate drug interactions - ANSWER [[Additive Hypotensive Effects]]
-Nitrates
-Anti-hypertensives
-ED drugs
-Alchohol
-Phenothiazines(schizophrenia)
Beta Blockers (Antianginal) - ANSWER Mechanism of action:
[[Inhibits SNS.]] Block beta adrenergic receptors on the heart, allowing HR more time in
,diastole to relax. Slows SA and AV node.
Beta Blockers (Antiginal) post-MI - ANSWER -Lowers HR
-Lowers hearth irritability and dysrhythmias
-Lowers renin which lowers BP
Beta Blocker (Antiginal) drug names - ANSWER Atenolol
Metaprolol
Propranolol
Carvedilol
Beta Blocker (Antiginal) Contraindications - ANSWER -Drug Allergy
-Systolic HF
-Conduction disturbances
-Asthma or COPD
-PVD (peripheral artery disease)
Beta Blocker (Antiginal) drug interactions - ANSWER [[Additive effects]]
-Diuretics
-Antihypertensive
-CCBs
Beta Blocker (Antiginal) Adverse Effects - ANSWER [[Lowered SNS effects]]
-Lowered HR, CO, cardiac contractibility
-Hypotension
-Bronchoconstrictions and airway resistance
-Dysrhythmias (AV block)
-ED
Calcium Channel Blockers (Antiginal) - ANSWER Mechanism of Action: [[⇈Relaxation, ⇈
Coronary Dilation, ⇊Contraction]]
Inhibits transport of calcium into myocardial smooth muscle resulting in inhibition of
cardiac contraction.
Calcium Channel Blocker (Antiginal) therapeutic effects - ANSWER -⇈ systemic
, vasodialation
-⇊Venous return (reduces workload and O2 demands of heart)
-⇈ coronary artery vasodilation (decreased angina attacks)
-⇊ SA and AV node conduction
-⇊ Contractibility
Calcium channel blocker (Antiginal) uses - ANSWER [[Angina, HTN, Dsyrthmias]]
-Tachycardia
-Coronary artery disease
-Atrial fibrillation and flutter
-Migraines
-Raynaud's disease
-Nimodipine (Cerebral artery spams)
Calcium Channel Blocker (Antiginal) Names - ANSWER [[Diltiazem (Cardizem)]]
<-stevensjohonson syndrome
Amlo*dipine* (Norvasc)
Verapamil (Isoptin)
Nife*dipine* (Procardia)
Nicar*dipine* (Cardene)
Calcium Channel Blocker Contraindications - ANSWER -Drug Allergy
-Acute MI
-Sick sinus syndrome (abnormal heart rhythms)
-AV block with no pacemaker
-Hypotension
Calcium Channel Blockers (Antiginal) Adverse Effects - ANSWER [[Excess therapeutic
effects]]
-Hypotension
-Dizziness
-Dysrhythmias + palpitations
Nitrates - ANSWER *Mechanism of action:
-Vasodilate blood vessels via relaxation of smooth muscles
-Coronary artery vasodilates to give O2 to previously ischemic areas
-Reduced venous return to the heart*
Rapid-Acting Nitrate - ANSWER Used for acute angina attacks. Taken sublingually or IV.
Long-acting Nitrate - ANSWER Used for preventing angina episode. Can be taken PO,
SL, transdermal, IV
Nitroglycerin (Nitro-bid, Nitro-stat, Nitro-dur) - ANSWER Nitrate drug name that can be
both rapid and long acting
Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil) - ANSWER Alternative rapid acting nitrate to nitroglycerin
Isosbordide Mononitrate - ANSWER Long-acting Nitrate drug name
Nitrate contraindications - ANSWER -Drug Allergy
*Severe Anemia
-Closed-angle glaucoma
-Hypotension
-Sever head injury
[[Use of Erectile Dysfunction drugs (Viagra, Cialis)]]
Nitrate drug interactions - ANSWER [[Additive Hypotensive Effects]]
-Nitrates
-Anti-hypertensives
-ED drugs
-Alchohol
-Phenothiazines(schizophrenia)
Beta Blockers (Antianginal) - ANSWER Mechanism of action:
[[Inhibits SNS.]] Block beta adrenergic receptors on the heart, allowing HR more time in
,diastole to relax. Slows SA and AV node.
Beta Blockers (Antiginal) post-MI - ANSWER -Lowers HR
-Lowers hearth irritability and dysrhythmias
-Lowers renin which lowers BP
Beta Blocker (Antiginal) drug names - ANSWER Atenolol
Metaprolol
Propranolol
Carvedilol
Beta Blocker (Antiginal) Contraindications - ANSWER -Drug Allergy
-Systolic HF
-Conduction disturbances
-Asthma or COPD
-PVD (peripheral artery disease)
Beta Blocker (Antiginal) drug interactions - ANSWER [[Additive effects]]
-Diuretics
-Antihypertensive
-CCBs
Beta Blocker (Antiginal) Adverse Effects - ANSWER [[Lowered SNS effects]]
-Lowered HR, CO, cardiac contractibility
-Hypotension
-Bronchoconstrictions and airway resistance
-Dysrhythmias (AV block)
-ED
Calcium Channel Blockers (Antiginal) - ANSWER Mechanism of Action: [[⇈Relaxation, ⇈
Coronary Dilation, ⇊Contraction]]
Inhibits transport of calcium into myocardial smooth muscle resulting in inhibition of
cardiac contraction.
Calcium Channel Blocker (Antiginal) therapeutic effects - ANSWER -⇈ systemic
, vasodialation
-⇊Venous return (reduces workload and O2 demands of heart)
-⇈ coronary artery vasodilation (decreased angina attacks)
-⇊ SA and AV node conduction
-⇊ Contractibility
Calcium channel blocker (Antiginal) uses - ANSWER [[Angina, HTN, Dsyrthmias]]
-Tachycardia
-Coronary artery disease
-Atrial fibrillation and flutter
-Migraines
-Raynaud's disease
-Nimodipine (Cerebral artery spams)
Calcium Channel Blocker (Antiginal) Names - ANSWER [[Diltiazem (Cardizem)]]
<-stevensjohonson syndrome
Amlo*dipine* (Norvasc)
Verapamil (Isoptin)
Nife*dipine* (Procardia)
Nicar*dipine* (Cardene)
Calcium Channel Blocker Contraindications - ANSWER -Drug Allergy
-Acute MI
-Sick sinus syndrome (abnormal heart rhythms)
-AV block with no pacemaker
-Hypotension
Calcium Channel Blockers (Antiginal) Adverse Effects - ANSWER [[Excess therapeutic
effects]]
-Hypotension
-Dizziness
-Dysrhythmias + palpitations
