test bank for pathophysiology the biologic basis for disease in adults and children 9thedition by kathryn l mccance sue e huether

Test Bank For Pathophysiology 9th Edition McCance The Biologic Bas
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is for Disease in Adults and Children By Julia Rogers
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TEST BANKb

,Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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McCance/Huether:bPathophysiology:bThebBiologicbBasisbofbDiseasebinbAdultsbandbChildren,b9thbEdition


MULTIPLEbCHOICE

1. Whichbstatementbbestbdescribesbthebcellularbfunctionbofbmetabolicbabsorption?
a. Cellsbcanbproducebproteins.
b. Cellsbcanbsecretebdigestivebenzymes.
c. Cellsbcanbtakebinbandbusebnutrients.
d. Cellsbcanbsynthesizebfats.
ANS:b C
Inbmetabolicbabsorption,ballbcellsbtakebinbandbusebnutrientsbandbotherbsubstancesbfrombtheirbsurro
undings.bThebremainingboptionsbarebnotbinclusivebinbtheirbdescriptionsbofbcellularbmetabolicbabs
orption.

PTS:b b 1 DIF:b CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

2. Wherebisbmostbofbabcell’sbgeneticbinformation,bincludingbRNAbandbDNA,bcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS:b C
Thebnucleusbcontainsbthebnucleolus,babsmallbdensebstructurebcomposedblargelybofbRNA,bmostbo
fbthebcellularbDNA,bandbthebDNA-
bindingbproteins,bsuchbasbthebhistones,bwhichbregulatebitsbactivity.bThebmitochondriabarebrespo
nsiblebforbcellularbrespirationbandbenergybproduction.
Ribosomes’bchiefbfunctionbisbtobprovidebsitesbforbcellularbproteinbsynthesis.bLysosomesbf
unctionbasbthebintracellularbdigestivebsystem.

PTS:b b 1 DIF:b CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

3. Whichbcomponentbofbthebcellbproducesbhydrogenbperoxideb(H2O2)bbybusingboxygenbtobremovebh
ydrogenbatomsbfrombspecificbsubstratesbinbanboxidativebreaction?
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS:b B

Peroxisomesbarebsobnamedbbecausebtheybusuallybcontainbenzymesbthatbuseboxygenbtobremovebh
ydrogenbatomsbfrombspecificbsubstratesbinbanboxidativebreactionbthatbproducesbH2O2,bwhichbisbab
powerfulboxidantbandbpotentiallybdestructivebifbitbaccumulatesborbescapesbfrombperoxisomes.bRi
bosomesbarebRNA-
proteinbcomplexesb(nucleoproteins)bthatbarebsynthesizedbinbthebnucleolusbandbsecretedbintobthebc
ytoplasmbthroughbporesbinbthebnuclearbenvelopebcalledbnuclearbporebcomplexes.bLysosomesbar
ebsaclikebstructuresbthatboriginatebfrombthebGolgibcomplexbandbcontainbmorebthanb40bdigestiveb
enzymesbcalledbhydrolases,bwhichbcatalyzebbondsbinbproteins,blipids,bnucleicbacids,bandbcarboh
ydrates.bAnbendosomebisbabvesicalbthatbhasbbeenbpinchedboffbfrombthebcellularbmembrane.

PTS:b b 1 DIF:b CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

4. Whichbcellbcomponentbisbcapablebofbcellularbautodigestionbwhenbitbisbreleasedbduringbcellbi
njury?

, a. Ribosome
b. Golgibcomplex
c. Smoothbendoplasmicbreticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS:b D
Theblysosomalbmembranebactsbasbabprotectivebshieldbbetweenbthebpowerfulbdigestivebenzymesb
withinbtheblysosomebandbthebcytoplasm,bpreventingbtheirbleakagebintobthebcytoplasmicbmatrix.b
Disruptionbofbthebmembranebbybvariousbtreatmentsborbcellularbinjurybleadsbtobabreleasebofbthebl
ysosomalbenzymes,bwhichbcanbthenbreactbwithbtheirbspecificbsubstrates,bcausingbcellular
self-
digestion.bThebchiefbfunctionbofbabribosomebisbtobprovidebsitesbforbcellularbproteinbsynthesis.bTh
ebGolgibcomplexbisbabnetworkbofbflattened,bsmoothbvesiclesbandbmembranesboftenblocatedbnearbth
ebcellbnucleus.bThebsmoothbendoplasmicbreticulumbisbinvolvedbinbsteroidbhormonebproductionba
ndbremovingbtoxicbsubstancesbfrombthebcell.

PTS:b b 1 DIF:b CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

5. WhichbcAMP-mediatedbresponsebisbrelatedbtobantidiureticbhormone?
a. Increasedbheartbratebandbforcebofbcontraction
b. Secretionbofbcortisol
c. Increasedbretentionbofbwater
d. Breakdownbofbfat
ANS:b C
Antidiureticbhormonebleadsbtobincreasedbretentionbofbwaterbinbthebbody.bEpinephrinebcausesbi
ncreasesbinbheartbratebandbforcebofbcontraction.bIncreasedbcortisolbsecretionbisbduebtobACTH.bB
reakdownbofbfatbisbduebtobglucagon.

PTS:b b 1 DIF:b CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

6. DuringbwhichbphasebofbthebcellbcyclebisbDNAbsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
ANS:b B


Thebfourbdesignatedbphasesbofbthebcellbcyclebare:b(1)bthebG1bphaseb(Gb=bgap),bwhichbisbthebperio
dbbetweenbthebMbphaseb(Mb=bmitosis)bandbthebstartbofbDNAbsynthesis;b(2)bthebSbphaseb(S
=bsynthesis),bduringbwhichbDNAbisbsynthesizedbinbthebcellbnucleus;b(3)bthebG2b phase,bduringbwhi
chbRNAbandbproteinbsynthesisboccurs,bthebperiodbbetweenbthebcompletionbofbDNAbsynthesisban
dbthebnextbphaseb(M);bandb(4)bthebMbphase,bwhichbincludesbnuclearbandbcytoplasmicbdivision.

PTS:b b 1 DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

7. Whatborganicbcompoundbfacilitatesbtransportationbacrossbcellbmembranesbbybactingbasbr
eceptors,btransportbchannelsbforbelectrolytes,bandbenzymesbtobdrivebactivebpumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
ANS:b C
Proteinsbhavebseveralbfunctions,bincludingbactingbasbreceptors,btransportbchannelsbforbelectrolyt
es,bandbenzymesbtobdrivebactivebpumpsbLipidsbhelpbactbasbtheb“glue”bholdingbcellbmembranesbto
gether.bProteasesbcausebthebbreakdownbofbprotein.bCarbohydratesbarebinvolvedbinbcellularbprotect
ionbandblubricationbandbhelpbproducebenergybviaboxidativebphosphorylation.

, PTS:b b 1 DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

8. Understandingbthebvariousbstepsbofbproteolyticbcascadesbmaybbebusefulbinbdesigningbdrugbt
herapybforbwhichbhumanbdiseases?
a. Cardiacbandbvascularbdisorders
b. Autoimmunebandbmalignantbdisorders
c. Gastrointestinalbandbrenalbdisorders
d. Endocrinebandbgastrointestinalbdisorders
ANS:b B
Understandingbthebvariousbstepsbinvolvedbinbthisbprocessbisbcrucialbforbdesigningbdrugbintervent
ions.bDysregulationbofbproteasesbfeaturesbprominentlybinbmanybhumanbdiseases,bincludingbcance
r,bautoimmunity,bandbneurodegenerativebdisorders.bCardiac,bvascular,bgastrointestinal,brenal,ba
ndbendocrinebdisordersbdobnotbinvolvebthisbprocess.

PTS:b b 1 DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

9. Whichbstructurebpreventsbwater-
solublebmoleculesbfrombenteringbcellsbacrossbthebplasmabmembrane?
a. Carbohydratebchains
b. Glycoproteinbchannels
c. Membranebchannelbproteins
d. Lipidbbilayer
ANS:b D

Thebbilayer’sbstructurebaccountsbforbonebofbthebessentialbfunctionsbofbthebplasmabmembrane.bItbis
bimpermeablebtobmost bwater-

solublebmoleculesb(moleculesbthatbdissolvebinbwater)bbecausebthebwater-
solublebmoleculesbarebinsolublebinbtheboilybcorebregion.bThebbilayerbservesbasbabbarrierbtobthebd
iffusionbofbwaterbandbhydrophilicbsubstancesbwhileballowingblipid-
solublebmolecules,bsuchbasboxygenb(O2)bandbcarbonbdioxideb(CO2),btobdiffusebthroughbitbreadil
y.
Carbohydratebchains,bglycoproteinbchannels,bandbmembranebchannelbproteinsbdobnotbpreventb
water-solublebmoleculesbfrombenteringbcellsbacrossbthebcellbmembrane.

PTS:b b 1 DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

10. Abstudentbasksbforbanbexplanationbofbthebabsolutebrefractorybperiodbofbthebactionbpotential.b
Whatbresponsebbybthebprofessorbisbbest?
a. Abstrongerbthanbnormalbimpulsebwillbevokebanotherbresponse.
b. Nobstimulusbisbablebtobevokebanotherbresponsebatbthisbtime.
c. Multiplebstimulibcanbproducebmorebrapidbactionbpotentials.
d. Thebhyperpolarizedbstatebmeansbabweakerbstimulusbproducesbabresponse.
ANS:b B
Duringbthebabsolutebrefractorybstatebofbthebactionbpotential,bnobstimulusbisbablebtobevokebanoth
erbresponsebfrombthebcell.bAbstrongerbthanbnormalbimpulsebmaybgeneratebabresponsebinbthebrelati
vebrefractorybperiod.bThisbperiodbofbtimebisbnotbrelatedbtobthebnumberbofbstimuli.bAbhyperpolari
zedbstatebmeansbabstrongerbthanbnormalbstimulusbwouldbbebneededbtobgeneratebabresponse.

PTS:b b 1 DIF: CognitivebLevel:bRemembering

11. Whichbformbofbcellbcommunicationbisbusedbtobcommunicatebwithinbthebcellbitselfbandbwithbo
therbcellsbinbdirectbphysicalbcontact?
a. Proteinbchannelb(gapbjunction)
b. Plasmabmembrane-boundb signalingbmolecules
c. Hormonebsecretionbsuchbasbneurotransmitters
d. Extracellularbchemicalbmessengersbsuchbasbligands