GRE-Psychology Ch. 12 Clinical Psychology and Psychological Disorders QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(GRADED A+)

GRE-Psychology Ch. 12 Clinical
Psychology and Psychological
Disorders QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(GRADED A+)
Model of Psychopathology - ANSWERsome emotional disturbances are at least
partly caused by biological factors and can be treated with medication

3 most common neurotransmitters - ANSWERdopamine, seratonin, norepinephrine
(monoamines)

antipsychotics - ANSWERblock dopamine receptors and inhibit dopamine
production; treat delusions/hallucinations of schizophrenia

mood stabilizers - ANSWERmanage bipolar disorder

antidepressants - ANSWERincreases seratonin, norepi, or dopamine; reduce
depressive symptoms

tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) - ANSWERtricyclic chemical structure

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) - ANSWERinhibit monoamine oxidase
enzymes

selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - ANSWERact only on seratonin,
fewer side effects

chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and haloperidol (Haldol) - ANSWERexample of
antipsychotics

lithium, anti-psychotics, anti-convulsants - ANSWERexample of mood stabilizers

amitriptyline (Elavil) - ANSWERexample of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

phenelzine (Nardil) - ANSWERexample of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft) - ANSWERexample of
selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Anxiolytics - ANSWERincrease effectiveness of GABA (inhibitory); reduce
anxiety/induce sleep; highly addictive

barbiturates and benzodiazepines - ANSWERexamples of anxiolytics

, diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax) - ANSWERexamples of barbiturates and
benzodiazepines

Antabuse - ANSWERchanges metabolism of alcohol resulting in severe nausea

DSM-5 - ANSWERcategorizes psychological disorders into 20 major categories:
Neurodevelopmental (NDev.), Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
(Sch.Sp. et al.), Bipolar and Related (Bp et al.), Depressive (Depr.), Anxiety (Anx.),
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related (OCD et al.), Trauma- and Stessor-Related
Disorders (T/S-R), Dissociative Disorders (Dissoc.), Somatic Symptom and Related
(Som.Sy. et al.), Feeding and Eating (F/E), Elimination Disorders (Elim.), Sleep-
Wake Disorders (S-W), Sexual Dysfunctions (Sex.)

Intellectual disability - ANSWERmild (50-55 to 70); moderate (34-40 to 50-55);
severe (20-25 to 35-40) (NDev.)

Learning disorders - ANSWERschool achievement or standardized scores at least 2
SDs below mean for their age and IQ (NDev.)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - ANSWERsevere problems with social skills,
communication, and interests (NDev.)

ADHD - ANSWERproblems with attention, behavior, and impulsivity; most frequently
treated with stimulants (NDev.)

Tic disorders - ANSWERex. Tourette's syndrome, motor and vocal tics (NDev.)

motor skills disorder - ANSWERmotor coordination below expectations for one's age
(NDev.)

communication disorders - ANSWERpervasive problems acquiring or using
language socially, intelligibly, or fluently (NDev.)

Psychotic disorders - ANSWERdisorders involving hallucinations or delusions

agoraphobia - ANSWERfear of a situation in which panic symptoms might arise and
escape would be difficult, fear or avoidance of going outside or crowds (Anx.)

phobia - ANSWERrecognized, unreasonable, intense anxiety symptoms and
avoidance anchored to stimulus (Anx.)

specific phobia - ANSWERanxiety in response to a stimulus, such as flying, heights,
needles, or driving (Anx.)

social anxiety disorder - ANSWERfear of social situations, usually resulting in
avoidance behavior (Anx.)

schizophrenia (formerly dementia praecox) - ANSWERonset between late
adolescence and mid-30s; excessive dopamine (Sch.Sp. et al.)