TSAC-F Questions And Answers With
Verified Solutions Already Passed Latest
Updated 2025
1. What structures comprise a sarcomere?
Answer: Z line, H zone (area of just myosin), I band (area of just actin and Z line),
A band (length of myosin)
2. What occurs during the sliding filament theory of muscle action?
Answer: Myosin binds to actin, and the sarcomere shortens as myosin moves
down and binds and unbinds with the active sites on the actin filament. The release
of Ca²⁺ opens the binding sites on actin.
3. What are the different types of muscle actions?
Answer: Concentric, eccentric, and isometric
4. How does the type of muscle action relate to the amount of force it is able to
produce?
Answer: Eccentric contractions can produce the most force.
5. What factors affect the production of force within a muscle?
Answer: The number of fibers recruited, the speed/frequency at which they are
recruited, the type of fiber recruited.
6. What are the different types of muscle fibers? What attributes are
characteristic of each?
Answer:
Type I - Slow twitch, oxidative, fatigue resistant
Type IIa - Fast twitch, oxidative-glycolytic, less fatigue resistant
Type IIb - Fast twitch, glycolytic, not fatigue resistant
7. What functions do muscle spindles perform? Where are they located?
Answer: Sense the stretch of the muscle and cause a reactionary contraction of the
muscle. They are located along the muscle and run parallel to the other muscle
fibers.
, 8. What functions do Golgi tendon organs perform? Where are they located?
Answer: Sense the stretch of the muscle and cause a subsequent relaxation of the
muscle. They are located in the muscle tendon near the myotendinous junction.
9. How do nerves stimulate muscle activity?
Answer: Action potentials cause a release of neurotransmitter at the
neuromuscular junction and excite the muscle fiber to contract. The frequency of
the signal allows for different grading of the signal.
10. How does nerve conduction velocity adapt to training?
Answer: Increases
11. How do recruitment patterns adapt to training?
Answer: Increases
12. Describe the three primary anatomical planes of movement. Provide
exercise and sport movement examples specific to each.
Answer:
Frontal - Side shuffle (basketball)
Sagittal - Forward sprint
Transverse - Baseball swing
13. What is joint angle specificity and how does it affect exercise selection?
Answer: If you only train at one specific joint angle, only the muscle fibers that
are activated at that joint angle will be stimulated to adapt. For the full muscle to
see adaptations, multiple joint angles should be trained to increase the number of
muscle fibers that are activated and stimulated.
14. What are the characteristics of different types of movement (i.e., isometric,
isotonic, and isokinetic)?
Answer:
Isometric - Muscle contraction where load is stationary. In other words,
resistant force = muscle force.
Isotonic - A constant force applied to a load while velocity changes
(concentric and eccentric).
Isokinetic - A contraction that occurs at one constant speed.
15. How does the force-velocity curve impact exercise selection?
Answer: The faster the velocity of contraction, the lower the force produced, and
vice versa.
Verified Solutions Already Passed Latest
Updated 2025
1. What structures comprise a sarcomere?
Answer: Z line, H zone (area of just myosin), I band (area of just actin and Z line),
A band (length of myosin)
2. What occurs during the sliding filament theory of muscle action?
Answer: Myosin binds to actin, and the sarcomere shortens as myosin moves
down and binds and unbinds with the active sites on the actin filament. The release
of Ca²⁺ opens the binding sites on actin.
3. What are the different types of muscle actions?
Answer: Concentric, eccentric, and isometric
4. How does the type of muscle action relate to the amount of force it is able to
produce?
Answer: Eccentric contractions can produce the most force.
5. What factors affect the production of force within a muscle?
Answer: The number of fibers recruited, the speed/frequency at which they are
recruited, the type of fiber recruited.
6. What are the different types of muscle fibers? What attributes are
characteristic of each?
Answer:
Type I - Slow twitch, oxidative, fatigue resistant
Type IIa - Fast twitch, oxidative-glycolytic, less fatigue resistant
Type IIb - Fast twitch, glycolytic, not fatigue resistant
7. What functions do muscle spindles perform? Where are they located?
Answer: Sense the stretch of the muscle and cause a reactionary contraction of the
muscle. They are located along the muscle and run parallel to the other muscle
fibers.
, 8. What functions do Golgi tendon organs perform? Where are they located?
Answer: Sense the stretch of the muscle and cause a subsequent relaxation of the
muscle. They are located in the muscle tendon near the myotendinous junction.
9. How do nerves stimulate muscle activity?
Answer: Action potentials cause a release of neurotransmitter at the
neuromuscular junction and excite the muscle fiber to contract. The frequency of
the signal allows for different grading of the signal.
10. How does nerve conduction velocity adapt to training?
Answer: Increases
11. How do recruitment patterns adapt to training?
Answer: Increases
12. Describe the three primary anatomical planes of movement. Provide
exercise and sport movement examples specific to each.
Answer:
Frontal - Side shuffle (basketball)
Sagittal - Forward sprint
Transverse - Baseball swing
13. What is joint angle specificity and how does it affect exercise selection?
Answer: If you only train at one specific joint angle, only the muscle fibers that
are activated at that joint angle will be stimulated to adapt. For the full muscle to
see adaptations, multiple joint angles should be trained to increase the number of
muscle fibers that are activated and stimulated.
14. What are the characteristics of different types of movement (i.e., isometric,
isotonic, and isokinetic)?
Answer:
Isometric - Muscle contraction where load is stationary. In other words,
resistant force = muscle force.
Isotonic - A constant force applied to a load while velocity changes
(concentric and eccentric).
Isokinetic - A contraction that occurs at one constant speed.
15. How does the force-velocity curve impact exercise selection?
Answer: The faster the velocity of contraction, the lower the force produced, and
vice versa.
