Biostatistics Test 1 (Chapters 1-3) with verified answers

cases/units - correct answer ✔subjects or objects we obtain information about
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variable - correct answer ✔any characteristic recorded for each case
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categorical variable - correct answer ✔divides cases into groups
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quantitative variable - correct answer ✔measures or records a numerical
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quantity for each case
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explanatory variable - correct answer ✔helps explain the response variable
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response variable - correct answer ✔responds to the explanatory variable
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population - correct answer ✔all individuals or objects of interest
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sample - correct answer ✔subset of the population
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sampling bias - correct answer ✔method of selecting causes the sample to
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differ from the population in some relevant way; cannot trust generalizations
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because of this
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, statistical inference - correct answer ✔how to use the information in a sample
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to make reliable statements/gain information about the population
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representative sample - correct answer ✔resembles the population, only in | | | | | | | | |


smaller numbers
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simple random sample - correct answer ✔all groups have the same chance of
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becoming the sample; each unit of the population has an equal chance of being
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selected, regardless of the other units chosen for the sample -- avoids bias
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how to select a random sample - correct answer ✔not haphazardly (picking on
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our own) - use a formal method
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bias - correct answer ✔exists when the method of collecting data causes the
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sample data to inaccurately reflect the population
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how bias can happen - correct answer ✔1. wording of questions
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2. when we select who to be in sample
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use common sense to identify bias
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association - correct answer ✔values of one variable tend to be related to the
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values of the other variable
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