HUM 2250 - Midterm Study Guide
Exam 2025
Census of 1890 - ANSWER The U.S. no longer has a frontier line; U.S. has land from E-W
Coast; Leads people to worry; Overcrowded.
Frederick Jackson Turner - ANSWER Published "Significance of the Frontier in
American History" in 1893.; Plays nicely off of census; Seen as an argument.
Significance of the Frontier in US History - ANSWER Frontier shaped America and the
Americans; Period is over; Published in 1893 by Frederick Jackson turner.
New Immigration - ANSWER 1880 - around 1914; Largest period of immigration in U.S.
history; Over 25 million people; 5000 a day; Idea is that immigrants take jobs; Most are
very poor and uneducated.
Urbanization - ANSWER People migrating from rural areas because of city settlement
and the search for jobs.
Dumbbell apartments - ANSWER The most popular housing during the new immigration
period, especially in city during the urbanization.
Jacob Riis - ANSWER Documents the poor housing for the immigrants; Considered one
of the fathers of photography because of his early use of flash.
How the Other Half Lives - ANSWER Published in 1890 by Jacob Riis; Showcases NY
immigrants through pictures and children in the slums, also highlighting homelessness.
Minstrel Shows/ Vaudeville - ANSWER Combining varieties of entertainment, such as
mimes, magic, etc;.
Blackface - ANSWER White men transform black as a form of entertainment, showing
negative stereotypes about black people.
Thomas Edison - ANSWER During the era of new inventions, he invented the lightbulb,
phonograph, kinetoscope, and motion pictures.
Survival of the Fittest - ANSWER In biological terms, adapting to any environment in
order to survive.
Charles Darwin - ANSWER Created the term "Survival of the fittest".
Social Darwinism - ANSWER Use the term "Survival of the fittest" to justify shady
economic practices, war, imperialism, racism, etc;.
, Jim Crow - ANSWER Period in the American South where blacks and whites were
segregated by legal and extralegal means.
Plessy v. Ferguson - ANSWER 1896 - Legalized Jim Crow Laws; Doctrine of "Separate
but equal" that lasts 60 years.
Booker T. Washington - ANSWER Known as the turn-of-the-century black leader in
America; Always placed a high value on education; Washington was supposed to build
the Tuskegee Institute from the ground up; Believed that industrial education was the
best way to get blacks out of debt.
Atlanta Compromise Speech - ANSWER Speech by Booker T. Washington; Believed
racial subordination was a necessary evil and that black needed to prove themselves to
achieve equality.
W.E.B. Du Bois - ANSWER Born in Boston- Mixed race; Went to Fisk College; Received a
PHD from Harvard in 1895 ( first black to do it); Most influential black male in
turn-of-the-century America; Instructor at Atlanta University.
Talented Tenth - ANSWER Belief from Du Bois; Top 10% of Blacks lead race; believed
that they could achieve this by: Continuing education, write books, and becoming
involved in social change.
The Souls of Black Folk - ANSWER Also written by Du Bois, (1903) ; consists of 14
different essays, including "Of Booker T. Washington and others".
Double-consciousness - ANSWER Refers to being black and american.
Muckrakers - ANSWER Journalists that exposed social issues.
Ida Tarbell - ANSWER Prominent Muckraker.
History of the Standard Oil Company - ANSWER Written by Ida Tarbell in 1904; Says that
oil company is a monopoly; Able to expose the shady practices; Pushes for regulation
and helps lead to the breakup of the company in 1941.
Upton Sinclair - ANSWER Made an impact on the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and
Drug Act; Muckraker.
The Jungle - ANSWER Published in 1906; Focused on the conditions for the immigrants
and the quality of the meat.
Imperialism - ANSWER Expansion of power and land in the United States; Tremendous
change.
Arguments for/ against expansionism - ANSWER For: More land means more trade and
an improved economy.
Against: Don't want a large military and should focus on problems at home.
Exam 2025
Census of 1890 - ANSWER The U.S. no longer has a frontier line; U.S. has land from E-W
Coast; Leads people to worry; Overcrowded.
Frederick Jackson Turner - ANSWER Published "Significance of the Frontier in
American History" in 1893.; Plays nicely off of census; Seen as an argument.
Significance of the Frontier in US History - ANSWER Frontier shaped America and the
Americans; Period is over; Published in 1893 by Frederick Jackson turner.
New Immigration - ANSWER 1880 - around 1914; Largest period of immigration in U.S.
history; Over 25 million people; 5000 a day; Idea is that immigrants take jobs; Most are
very poor and uneducated.
Urbanization - ANSWER People migrating from rural areas because of city settlement
and the search for jobs.
Dumbbell apartments - ANSWER The most popular housing during the new immigration
period, especially in city during the urbanization.
Jacob Riis - ANSWER Documents the poor housing for the immigrants; Considered one
of the fathers of photography because of his early use of flash.
How the Other Half Lives - ANSWER Published in 1890 by Jacob Riis; Showcases NY
immigrants through pictures and children in the slums, also highlighting homelessness.
Minstrel Shows/ Vaudeville - ANSWER Combining varieties of entertainment, such as
mimes, magic, etc;.
Blackface - ANSWER White men transform black as a form of entertainment, showing
negative stereotypes about black people.
Thomas Edison - ANSWER During the era of new inventions, he invented the lightbulb,
phonograph, kinetoscope, and motion pictures.
Survival of the Fittest - ANSWER In biological terms, adapting to any environment in
order to survive.
Charles Darwin - ANSWER Created the term "Survival of the fittest".
Social Darwinism - ANSWER Use the term "Survival of the fittest" to justify shady
economic practices, war, imperialism, racism, etc;.
, Jim Crow - ANSWER Period in the American South where blacks and whites were
segregated by legal and extralegal means.
Plessy v. Ferguson - ANSWER 1896 - Legalized Jim Crow Laws; Doctrine of "Separate
but equal" that lasts 60 years.
Booker T. Washington - ANSWER Known as the turn-of-the-century black leader in
America; Always placed a high value on education; Washington was supposed to build
the Tuskegee Institute from the ground up; Believed that industrial education was the
best way to get blacks out of debt.
Atlanta Compromise Speech - ANSWER Speech by Booker T. Washington; Believed
racial subordination was a necessary evil and that black needed to prove themselves to
achieve equality.
W.E.B. Du Bois - ANSWER Born in Boston- Mixed race; Went to Fisk College; Received a
PHD from Harvard in 1895 ( first black to do it); Most influential black male in
turn-of-the-century America; Instructor at Atlanta University.
Talented Tenth - ANSWER Belief from Du Bois; Top 10% of Blacks lead race; believed
that they could achieve this by: Continuing education, write books, and becoming
involved in social change.
The Souls of Black Folk - ANSWER Also written by Du Bois, (1903) ; consists of 14
different essays, including "Of Booker T. Washington and others".
Double-consciousness - ANSWER Refers to being black and american.
Muckrakers - ANSWER Journalists that exposed social issues.
Ida Tarbell - ANSWER Prominent Muckraker.
History of the Standard Oil Company - ANSWER Written by Ida Tarbell in 1904; Says that
oil company is a monopoly; Able to expose the shady practices; Pushes for regulation
and helps lead to the breakup of the company in 1941.
Upton Sinclair - ANSWER Made an impact on the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and
Drug Act; Muckraker.
The Jungle - ANSWER Published in 1906; Focused on the conditions for the immigrants
and the quality of the meat.
Imperialism - ANSWER Expansion of power and land in the United States; Tremendous
change.
Arguments for/ against expansionism - ANSWER For: More land means more trade and
an improved economy.
Against: Don't want a large military and should focus on problems at home.
