©SIRJOEL 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
DSE- Endocrine Exam Questions And
Answers 100% Guaranteed Pass.
Parathyroid: Maintain __ homeostasis by secreting parathyroid hormone - Answer✔mcalciu
•PTH withdraws calcium phosphate from ___ - Answer✔bones
PTH function - Answer✔•Increases renal calcium reabsorption
•Increases renal phosphate excretion
•Enhances kidney activation of Vit D
•Vit D promotes absorption of calcium and phosphate in the small intestine
when calcium is low - Answer✔•PTH increases, calcium-phosphate is liberated from bones,
phosphate is excreted & calcium is kept, plasma calcium rises
•Most common cause of hypercalcemia - Answer✔Hyperparathyroidism
•85% of primary hyperparathyroidism is due to ___ adenomas (carcinoma <1% of cases) -
Answer✔benign
symptoms of hyperparathyroidism - Answer✔•Mild cases are asymptomatic
•Severe
•Stones (kidney stones from increased renal loss of calcium and phosphate)
•Bones (bone pain from too much calcium liberation from bones)
•Groans (abdominal pain/cramps from increased GI absorption)
•Moans (irritability, depression, and even psychosis)
•Many other potential findings including polydipsia, polyuria, HTN, ulcers, etc.
high PTH and high calcium - Answer✔primary hyperparathyroidism
high PTH calcium is low (usually due to renal dz) - Answer✔secondary hyperparathyroidism
both PTH and calcium are extremely high - Answer✔parathyroid Cancer
EKG for hyperparathyroidism - Answer✔•Prolonged PR interval, shortened QT
1|Page
, ©SIRJOEL 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
foundation of tx for hyperparathyroidism - Answer✔fluids
what to avoid for hyperparathyroidism tx - Answer✔thiazide diuretics
calcium containing antacids and supplements
acute/severe hyperparathyroidism - Answer✔•IV fluids and bisphosphonates (e.g. alendronate)
features warranting surgery (parathyroidectomy) - Answer✔weakness, gait issues, atrophy,
syncope, hyperreflexia, osteoporosis, history of fragility fracture, nephrolithiasis
what is hypoparathyroidism usually from - Answer✔parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy
other causes of hypoparathyroidism - Answer✔•heavy metal toxicity, thyroiditis, chronic
alcoholism
•Sx
•Muscle spasms and cramps, abdominal cramps, defects in teeth/nails/hairs
•Chvostek sign
•Trousseau sign - Answer✔hypoparathyroidism
•Twitch of eye, mouth, or nose elicited by tapping anterior to the ear - Answer✔Chvostek
•Hand and wrist spasm with compression to forearm - Answer✔Trousseau
•Decreased calcium on CMP
•Decreased PTH, increased phosphate
•May have low magnesium - Answer✔hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism EKG - Answer✔•prolonged QT intervals, T wave abnormalities
1st line tx for hypoparathyroidism - Answer✔calcium and vit D supplementation
2nd line tx for hypoparathyroidism - Answer✔exogenous PTH (Natpara),
exogenous PTH is linked to - Answer✔osteosarcoma
what medication is avoided in hypoparathyroidism - Answer✔furosemide
acute treatment for tetany - Answer✔secure airway, IV calcium gluconate
•Thyroid secretes T3 and T4
•Most is secreted as __, converted to ___by liver and kidneys
•T3 is 10x more potent than T4 (and thus the "active" form) - Answer✔T4; T3
what does thyroid hormone regulate - Answer✔BMR
2|Page
DSE- Endocrine Exam Questions And
Answers 100% Guaranteed Pass.
Parathyroid: Maintain __ homeostasis by secreting parathyroid hormone - Answer✔mcalciu
•PTH withdraws calcium phosphate from ___ - Answer✔bones
PTH function - Answer✔•Increases renal calcium reabsorption
•Increases renal phosphate excretion
•Enhances kidney activation of Vit D
•Vit D promotes absorption of calcium and phosphate in the small intestine
when calcium is low - Answer✔•PTH increases, calcium-phosphate is liberated from bones,
phosphate is excreted & calcium is kept, plasma calcium rises
•Most common cause of hypercalcemia - Answer✔Hyperparathyroidism
•85% of primary hyperparathyroidism is due to ___ adenomas (carcinoma <1% of cases) -
Answer✔benign
symptoms of hyperparathyroidism - Answer✔•Mild cases are asymptomatic
•Severe
•Stones (kidney stones from increased renal loss of calcium and phosphate)
•Bones (bone pain from too much calcium liberation from bones)
•Groans (abdominal pain/cramps from increased GI absorption)
•Moans (irritability, depression, and even psychosis)
•Many other potential findings including polydipsia, polyuria, HTN, ulcers, etc.
high PTH and high calcium - Answer✔primary hyperparathyroidism
high PTH calcium is low (usually due to renal dz) - Answer✔secondary hyperparathyroidism
both PTH and calcium are extremely high - Answer✔parathyroid Cancer
EKG for hyperparathyroidism - Answer✔•Prolonged PR interval, shortened QT
1|Page
, ©SIRJOEL 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
foundation of tx for hyperparathyroidism - Answer✔fluids
what to avoid for hyperparathyroidism tx - Answer✔thiazide diuretics
calcium containing antacids and supplements
acute/severe hyperparathyroidism - Answer✔•IV fluids and bisphosphonates (e.g. alendronate)
features warranting surgery (parathyroidectomy) - Answer✔weakness, gait issues, atrophy,
syncope, hyperreflexia, osteoporosis, history of fragility fracture, nephrolithiasis
what is hypoparathyroidism usually from - Answer✔parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy
other causes of hypoparathyroidism - Answer✔•heavy metal toxicity, thyroiditis, chronic
alcoholism
•Sx
•Muscle spasms and cramps, abdominal cramps, defects in teeth/nails/hairs
•Chvostek sign
•Trousseau sign - Answer✔hypoparathyroidism
•Twitch of eye, mouth, or nose elicited by tapping anterior to the ear - Answer✔Chvostek
•Hand and wrist spasm with compression to forearm - Answer✔Trousseau
•Decreased calcium on CMP
•Decreased PTH, increased phosphate
•May have low magnesium - Answer✔hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism EKG - Answer✔•prolonged QT intervals, T wave abnormalities
1st line tx for hypoparathyroidism - Answer✔calcium and vit D supplementation
2nd line tx for hypoparathyroidism - Answer✔exogenous PTH (Natpara),
exogenous PTH is linked to - Answer✔osteosarcoma
what medication is avoided in hypoparathyroidism - Answer✔furosemide
acute treatment for tetany - Answer✔secure airway, IV calcium gluconate
•Thyroid secretes T3 and T4
•Most is secreted as __, converted to ___by liver and kidneys
•T3 is 10x more potent than T4 (and thus the "active" form) - Answer✔T4; T3
what does thyroid hormone regulate - Answer✔BMR
2|Page
