PH 456 2 Midterm Exam Questions With
Verified Answers
what is the maximum percentage of alcohol obtainable through fermentation alone?
what would that be in proof? - ANSWER the maximum percentage of alcohol obtainable
through fermentation alone is 15%. that would be 30% in proof.
Did prohibition reduce alcohol abuse? - ANSWER national prohibition of alcohol was
successful in reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems, but also led
to increased law breaking and a loss of alcohol taxes.
In about what year did apparent consumption of alcohol reach its peak in the US? -
ANSWER the alcohol use peaked in 1981 and then declined in the U.S
About how much more likely are men than women to engage in frequent heavy drinking?
- ANSWER about 10% of male and 3.5% female engage in frequent heavy drinking or
binge drinking.
About how many standard drinks can the typical human metabolize each hour? -
ANSWER Liver metabolizes about 0.25 ounces of alcohol per hour and note that this is
one-half of one standard drinks, 1 beer, 1shot and 1 glass of wine.
Alcohol engage the action of which neurotransmitter and its receptor? - ANSWER
alcohol engage in GABA receptors
What is the typical behavior of a person with a BAC of 0.20%? - ANSWER Marked
depression in sensory and motor capability, intoxication
Describe the four groups in the balance placibo design? - ANSWER this is the like 2*2
table. where there is case and control. yes/yes no/yes yes/no no/no.
What term is used to describe the fact that drinkers tend to focus on the here and now? -
ANSWER is kind of alcohol myopia. the term is time out, I'm out duty now, and don't take
anything serious I say.
About what proportion of the u.s. traffic fatalities are considered to be alcohol related? -
ANSWER Approximately 40 percent of all traffic crash fatalities are linked to alcohol
use. 2011 data indicate that total fatalities have dropped to about 32,000
What is the role of expectancy in males increased interest in sex after drinking? -
ANSWER Alcohol use may enhance interest in sex but impair physiological arousal.
Linked to risky sexual behavior
If alcohol did not actually increase violent tendencies how might we explain the
statistical correlation between alcohol and such thing as assault and homicide? -
,ANSWER ...
Why is it dangerous to drink alcohol to stay warm in the winter? - ANSWER because
alcohol slow down some biological chemical process in the body and the peripheral
vessels argues against giving alcohol to individual in shock or extreme cold.
If someone you know has drunk enough alcohol to pass out what are two things you can
do to prevent a lethal outcome? - ANSWER not to leave the person alone to sleep it off. if
the person starts vomiting place them on their side and take them to the ER.
Can brain damage be reversed if someone has been drinking heavily for many years? -
ANSWER ...
About what percentage of the heaviest drinking woman will have children diagnosed
with FAS? - ANSWER about 5% of women
What is the most dangerous withdrawal symptoms from alcohol? - ANSWER delusions,
disorientation, delirium and seizures
Did the early founders of AA view alcohol dependence as a disease? - ANSWER alcohol
dependence is the primary disease and not the result of another underlying cause.
Alcohol dependence as a progressive disease characterized by loss of control over
drinking
If one identical twin is diagnosed with alcohol dependence what is the likelihood that the
other twin will also receive this diagnosis? - ANSWER there is 50% of chance that the
other twin will be diagnosed with alcohol dependence.
Fermentation - ANSWER The production of alcohol from sugar through the action of
yeasts.
Distillation - ANSWER The evaporation and condensing of alcohol vapors to produce
beverages with higher alcohol content.
Proof - ANSWER A measure of the beverages alcohol content twice the alcohol
percentage.
Congeners - ANSWER other alcohols and oils contained in alcoholic beverages.
temperance - ANSWER The idea that people should drink beer or wine in moderation but
drink no hard liquor.
Prohibition - ANSWER Laws prohibiting all sale of alcohol beverage in the US from 1920
to 1933.
Blood alcohol concentration also called blood alcohol level - ANSWER A measure of
concentration of alcohol in blood, Express in grams per 100 ml percentage.
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome - ANSWER Chronic mental impairment produced by
heavy alcohol use over a long period of time.
, Cirrhosis - ANSWER And irreversible frequently deadly liver disorder associated with
heavy alcohol use.
Fatal alcohol syndrome - ANSWER Facial and developmental abnormalities associated
with the mother's alcohol use during pregnancy.
Fetal alcohol effect - ANSWER Individuals developmental abnormalities associated with
the mother alcohol use during pregnancy.
Detoxification - ANSWER An early treatment stage in which the body eliminates the
alcohol or other substance.
Dilirum tremens - ANSWER An alcohol withdrawal syndrome that includes hallucination
and tremors.
Nicotiana tobacum - ANSWER The species of tobacco widely cultivated for smoking and
chewing products.
Nicotiana rustica - ANSWER The less desirable species of tobacco which is not widely
grown in the United States.
Smokeless tobacco - ANSWER A term used for chewing tobacco during the 1980
Moist snuff - ANSWER Finely chopped tobacco held in the mount rather than snuff into
the nose.
Nitrosamines - ANSWER A type of chemical that is carcinogenic several are found in
tobacco.
Leukoplakia - ANSWER A whitening and thickening of the mucous tissue in the mouth,
considered to be a precancerous tissue change.
Sidestream smoke - ANSWER Smoke arising from the ash of the cigarette or cigar.
Secondhand smoke - ANSWER Cigarette smoke inhaled from the environment by
nonsmokers.
Theophylline - ANSWER A xanthine found in tea.
Theobromine - ANSWER A xanthine found in a chocolate.
Verified Answers
what is the maximum percentage of alcohol obtainable through fermentation alone?
what would that be in proof? - ANSWER the maximum percentage of alcohol obtainable
through fermentation alone is 15%. that would be 30% in proof.
Did prohibition reduce alcohol abuse? - ANSWER national prohibition of alcohol was
successful in reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems, but also led
to increased law breaking and a loss of alcohol taxes.
In about what year did apparent consumption of alcohol reach its peak in the US? -
ANSWER the alcohol use peaked in 1981 and then declined in the U.S
About how much more likely are men than women to engage in frequent heavy drinking?
- ANSWER about 10% of male and 3.5% female engage in frequent heavy drinking or
binge drinking.
About how many standard drinks can the typical human metabolize each hour? -
ANSWER Liver metabolizes about 0.25 ounces of alcohol per hour and note that this is
one-half of one standard drinks, 1 beer, 1shot and 1 glass of wine.
Alcohol engage the action of which neurotransmitter and its receptor? - ANSWER
alcohol engage in GABA receptors
What is the typical behavior of a person with a BAC of 0.20%? - ANSWER Marked
depression in sensory and motor capability, intoxication
Describe the four groups in the balance placibo design? - ANSWER this is the like 2*2
table. where there is case and control. yes/yes no/yes yes/no no/no.
What term is used to describe the fact that drinkers tend to focus on the here and now? -
ANSWER is kind of alcohol myopia. the term is time out, I'm out duty now, and don't take
anything serious I say.
About what proportion of the u.s. traffic fatalities are considered to be alcohol related? -
ANSWER Approximately 40 percent of all traffic crash fatalities are linked to alcohol
use. 2011 data indicate that total fatalities have dropped to about 32,000
What is the role of expectancy in males increased interest in sex after drinking? -
ANSWER Alcohol use may enhance interest in sex but impair physiological arousal.
Linked to risky sexual behavior
If alcohol did not actually increase violent tendencies how might we explain the
statistical correlation between alcohol and such thing as assault and homicide? -
,ANSWER ...
Why is it dangerous to drink alcohol to stay warm in the winter? - ANSWER because
alcohol slow down some biological chemical process in the body and the peripheral
vessels argues against giving alcohol to individual in shock or extreme cold.
If someone you know has drunk enough alcohol to pass out what are two things you can
do to prevent a lethal outcome? - ANSWER not to leave the person alone to sleep it off. if
the person starts vomiting place them on their side and take them to the ER.
Can brain damage be reversed if someone has been drinking heavily for many years? -
ANSWER ...
About what percentage of the heaviest drinking woman will have children diagnosed
with FAS? - ANSWER about 5% of women
What is the most dangerous withdrawal symptoms from alcohol? - ANSWER delusions,
disorientation, delirium and seizures
Did the early founders of AA view alcohol dependence as a disease? - ANSWER alcohol
dependence is the primary disease and not the result of another underlying cause.
Alcohol dependence as a progressive disease characterized by loss of control over
drinking
If one identical twin is diagnosed with alcohol dependence what is the likelihood that the
other twin will also receive this diagnosis? - ANSWER there is 50% of chance that the
other twin will be diagnosed with alcohol dependence.
Fermentation - ANSWER The production of alcohol from sugar through the action of
yeasts.
Distillation - ANSWER The evaporation and condensing of alcohol vapors to produce
beverages with higher alcohol content.
Proof - ANSWER A measure of the beverages alcohol content twice the alcohol
percentage.
Congeners - ANSWER other alcohols and oils contained in alcoholic beverages.
temperance - ANSWER The idea that people should drink beer or wine in moderation but
drink no hard liquor.
Prohibition - ANSWER Laws prohibiting all sale of alcohol beverage in the US from 1920
to 1933.
Blood alcohol concentration also called blood alcohol level - ANSWER A measure of
concentration of alcohol in blood, Express in grams per 100 ml percentage.
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome - ANSWER Chronic mental impairment produced by
heavy alcohol use over a long period of time.
, Cirrhosis - ANSWER And irreversible frequently deadly liver disorder associated with
heavy alcohol use.
Fatal alcohol syndrome - ANSWER Facial and developmental abnormalities associated
with the mother's alcohol use during pregnancy.
Fetal alcohol effect - ANSWER Individuals developmental abnormalities associated with
the mother alcohol use during pregnancy.
Detoxification - ANSWER An early treatment stage in which the body eliminates the
alcohol or other substance.
Dilirum tremens - ANSWER An alcohol withdrawal syndrome that includes hallucination
and tremors.
Nicotiana tobacum - ANSWER The species of tobacco widely cultivated for smoking and
chewing products.
Nicotiana rustica - ANSWER The less desirable species of tobacco which is not widely
grown in the United States.
Smokeless tobacco - ANSWER A term used for chewing tobacco during the 1980
Moist snuff - ANSWER Finely chopped tobacco held in the mount rather than snuff into
the nose.
Nitrosamines - ANSWER A type of chemical that is carcinogenic several are found in
tobacco.
Leukoplakia - ANSWER A whitening and thickening of the mucous tissue in the mouth,
considered to be a precancerous tissue change.
Sidestream smoke - ANSWER Smoke arising from the ash of the cigarette or cigar.
Secondhand smoke - ANSWER Cigarette smoke inhaled from the environment by
nonsmokers.
Theophylline - ANSWER A xanthine found in tea.
Theobromine - ANSWER A xanthine found in a chocolate.
