BIO182 Final Exam - Complete Study Guide With
Expert Solutions
Which of the following relationships do fungi have on other organisms?
Right Ans - mutualists
parasites
predators
saprobes
Fungi belong to the Opisthokont clade. Which other major lineages of life
belong to this clade? Right Ans - Animals and Choanoflagellates
Single celled fungi are called Right Ans - yeasts
The body of a multicellular fungus is called a _________. The individual filaments
that make up the body of a fungus(mycelium) are called _____ that may be
septate or ______ Right Ans - Mycelium
Hyphae
Coenocytic
The large surface area-to-volume ratio of a fungal body allows the fungus to
take in a great deal of water and mineral nutrients when soil moisture is high.
T/F Right Ans - True
Which of the following do fungi decompose that most bacteria cannot, thereby
returning carbon to Earth's carbon cycle? Right Ans - Cellulose
Lignin
Keratin
Spore production of fungi increases with dwindling food supplies because:
Right Ans - Spores can remain dormant
Spores can be dispersed to areas where nutrient supplies are higher
Haustoria Right Ans - penetrate plant cell walls to absorb nutrients
A lichen is: Right Ans - A mutualistic relationship between a fungus and
photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium
,The ancient association between plants and fungi that was critical to the
successful exploitation of the terrestrial environment by plants. T/F Right
Ans - True
Which of the following fungal groups is supported as monophyletic? Choose
all that apply. Right Ans - Microsporidia
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Sac fungi
Club fungi
What ecological relationship do members of Glomeromycotina have with
plants? Right Ans - They form arbuscular mycorrhizae
Similar to animals and plants, fungi have male and female life stages. T/F
Right Ans - False
Which of the following characteristics supports the classification of chytrids as
early-diverging fungi? Choose all that apply. Right Ans - DNA sequence data
Chitin in cell walls
Plasmogamy in most terrestrial fungi involves: Right Ans - the cytoplasm of
two different mating types fuse
What percentage of all plants are associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi? Right Ans - 80-90%
Both the sac and club fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) share the unique
feature of forming a: Right Ans - dikaryon
What is the genus for baker's or brewer's yeast? Right Ans - Saccharomyces
What are the specialized structures of basidomata called on which basidia
form? Right Ans - gills
Which type of fungus is a good biological indicators of pollution levels?
Right Ans - Lichens
Fungi posses all these traits except:
a. absorptive heterotrophy
,b. coenocytic condition
c. cell walls containing peptidoglycan
d. mycelia
e. hyphae Right Ans - c. cell walls containing peptidoglycan
An unknown organism can be identified as a fungus if it Right Ans - has
cells walls made of chitin and obtains its food by absorptive heterotrophy
In what way do fungal decomposers contribute to Earths carbon cycle
Right Ans - They return carbon atoms to the atmosphere in the form of
respiratory CO2
In fungi, a rhizoid is Right Ans - a structure that helps anchor some fungi to
a substrate
Fungi have a larger surface area to volume ratio than do most other
multicellular organisms because Right Ans - most hyphae need to be in
close contact with their food source and a larger surface area-to-volume ratio
allows maximum contact
In a jar of jelly in a fridge, fungi will be more common than bacteria because
fungi have a ____ tolerance for highly _____ environments Right Ans - higher
hypertonic
Which fungal structure is made up of multiple hyphae and may grow
underground over a wide area Right Ans - mycelium
The cell walls of fungal hyphae contain the polysaccharide Right Ans -
chitin
The fruiting structure of a fungus is Right Ans - a reproductive organ
The major role of saprobic fungi in terrestrial ecosystems is to Right Ans -
break down carbon compounds
If all fungi were to disappear, Earths ____ cycle would fail Right Ans - carbon
Which substance is the favored source of carbon for saprobic fungi Right
Ans - sugars
, Fungi breaking down a fallen tree us an example of a _____ interaction Right
Ans - saprobic
In a lichen, the fungal hyphae are mainly responsible for Right Ans -
obtaining mineral nutrients for use by photosynthetic cells
soreida Right Ans - Reproductive structures consisting of one or more
photosynthetic cells surrounded by fungal hyphae
The algal partner in a lichen symbiosis is responsible for Right Ans -
carbohydrate production
Lichens are ____ associations of a fungus with____ Right Ans - Symbiotic
an alga or a bacterium
Seed germination in most orchid species depends on the presence of a specific
fungus species. This is an example of a _____ interaction Right Ans -
mutualistic
Plants with active mycorrhizae Right Ans - display enhanced absorption of
water and minerals
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic symbiotic associations of fungi with Right Ans
- plant roots
While walking through the woods, you collect a fungus from a frog. Upon
returning to your lab, you try to culture the fungus but are unable to do so.
What conclusion can you draw form this observation Right Ans - The
fungus is an obligate parasite
Which statement about how fungi obtain nitrogen is false:
a. Fungi can obtain nitrogen directly from protein sources
b. Fungi can obtain nitrogen from ammonium
c. Fungi can obtain nitrogen directly form dead organic matter
d. Fungi can use nitrate ions as their source of nitrogen
e. Fungi can obtain nitrogen directly from the atmosphere Right Ans - e.
Fungi can obtain nitrogen directly from the atmosphere
Expert Solutions
Which of the following relationships do fungi have on other organisms?
Right Ans - mutualists
parasites
predators
saprobes
Fungi belong to the Opisthokont clade. Which other major lineages of life
belong to this clade? Right Ans - Animals and Choanoflagellates
Single celled fungi are called Right Ans - yeasts
The body of a multicellular fungus is called a _________. The individual filaments
that make up the body of a fungus(mycelium) are called _____ that may be
septate or ______ Right Ans - Mycelium
Hyphae
Coenocytic
The large surface area-to-volume ratio of a fungal body allows the fungus to
take in a great deal of water and mineral nutrients when soil moisture is high.
T/F Right Ans - True
Which of the following do fungi decompose that most bacteria cannot, thereby
returning carbon to Earth's carbon cycle? Right Ans - Cellulose
Lignin
Keratin
Spore production of fungi increases with dwindling food supplies because:
Right Ans - Spores can remain dormant
Spores can be dispersed to areas where nutrient supplies are higher
Haustoria Right Ans - penetrate plant cell walls to absorb nutrients
A lichen is: Right Ans - A mutualistic relationship between a fungus and
photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium
,The ancient association between plants and fungi that was critical to the
successful exploitation of the terrestrial environment by plants. T/F Right
Ans - True
Which of the following fungal groups is supported as monophyletic? Choose
all that apply. Right Ans - Microsporidia
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Sac fungi
Club fungi
What ecological relationship do members of Glomeromycotina have with
plants? Right Ans - They form arbuscular mycorrhizae
Similar to animals and plants, fungi have male and female life stages. T/F
Right Ans - False
Which of the following characteristics supports the classification of chytrids as
early-diverging fungi? Choose all that apply. Right Ans - DNA sequence data
Chitin in cell walls
Plasmogamy in most terrestrial fungi involves: Right Ans - the cytoplasm of
two different mating types fuse
What percentage of all plants are associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi? Right Ans - 80-90%
Both the sac and club fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) share the unique
feature of forming a: Right Ans - dikaryon
What is the genus for baker's or brewer's yeast? Right Ans - Saccharomyces
What are the specialized structures of basidomata called on which basidia
form? Right Ans - gills
Which type of fungus is a good biological indicators of pollution levels?
Right Ans - Lichens
Fungi posses all these traits except:
a. absorptive heterotrophy
,b. coenocytic condition
c. cell walls containing peptidoglycan
d. mycelia
e. hyphae Right Ans - c. cell walls containing peptidoglycan
An unknown organism can be identified as a fungus if it Right Ans - has
cells walls made of chitin and obtains its food by absorptive heterotrophy
In what way do fungal decomposers contribute to Earths carbon cycle
Right Ans - They return carbon atoms to the atmosphere in the form of
respiratory CO2
In fungi, a rhizoid is Right Ans - a structure that helps anchor some fungi to
a substrate
Fungi have a larger surface area to volume ratio than do most other
multicellular organisms because Right Ans - most hyphae need to be in
close contact with their food source and a larger surface area-to-volume ratio
allows maximum contact
In a jar of jelly in a fridge, fungi will be more common than bacteria because
fungi have a ____ tolerance for highly _____ environments Right Ans - higher
hypertonic
Which fungal structure is made up of multiple hyphae and may grow
underground over a wide area Right Ans - mycelium
The cell walls of fungal hyphae contain the polysaccharide Right Ans -
chitin
The fruiting structure of a fungus is Right Ans - a reproductive organ
The major role of saprobic fungi in terrestrial ecosystems is to Right Ans -
break down carbon compounds
If all fungi were to disappear, Earths ____ cycle would fail Right Ans - carbon
Which substance is the favored source of carbon for saprobic fungi Right
Ans - sugars
, Fungi breaking down a fallen tree us an example of a _____ interaction Right
Ans - saprobic
In a lichen, the fungal hyphae are mainly responsible for Right Ans -
obtaining mineral nutrients for use by photosynthetic cells
soreida Right Ans - Reproductive structures consisting of one or more
photosynthetic cells surrounded by fungal hyphae
The algal partner in a lichen symbiosis is responsible for Right Ans -
carbohydrate production
Lichens are ____ associations of a fungus with____ Right Ans - Symbiotic
an alga or a bacterium
Seed germination in most orchid species depends on the presence of a specific
fungus species. This is an example of a _____ interaction Right Ans -
mutualistic
Plants with active mycorrhizae Right Ans - display enhanced absorption of
water and minerals
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic symbiotic associations of fungi with Right Ans
- plant roots
While walking through the woods, you collect a fungus from a frog. Upon
returning to your lab, you try to culture the fungus but are unable to do so.
What conclusion can you draw form this observation Right Ans - The
fungus is an obligate parasite
Which statement about how fungi obtain nitrogen is false:
a. Fungi can obtain nitrogen directly from protein sources
b. Fungi can obtain nitrogen from ammonium
c. Fungi can obtain nitrogen directly form dead organic matter
d. Fungi can use nitrate ions as their source of nitrogen
e. Fungi can obtain nitrogen directly from the atmosphere Right Ans - e.
Fungi can obtain nitrogen directly from the atmosphere
