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What does the SQL join operation do - Answer✔select data from two or more tables by
conceptually joining tables by a common column
cross join - Answer✔operates like the cartesian product, two tables are multiplied together to a
new table
inner join - Answer✔tables are combined based on a common column (we used this)
outer join - Answer✔combining all rows of one table with only the matching rows of another
table
self join - Answer✔a table is joined to itself, key word that is used is as
what operator represents joins - Answer✔equals sign
aliasing in sql - Answer✔creating queries with shorter table names by aliasing the table name to
an abbreviation
three types of outer joins - Answer✔left, right, and full
view in SQL - Answer✔a view is a virtual table, that does not really exist but appears to the user
as it did
base tables in SQL - Answer✔real tables that actually exist and require storage
when can views be updated - Answer✔only when they are a simple row and column subset of a
base table they cannot be a join
flaws of sql - Answer✔strictly declarative, limited data types, redundant, negative effects
what sql lacks - Answer✔time varying tables
why is interface design important - Answer✔interface can be the only contact user has with the
system
conceptual model - Answer✔system designer's way of representing the system to the user
what advances enabled the shift from user interfaces to graphical user interfaces -
Answer✔cheap RAM, Success of raster graphics, fast and cheap CPUs
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, characteristics of a GUI - Answer✔graphical, objects, actions
characteristics of direct manipulation systems - Answer✔system is portrayed as an extension of
the real world, there is continuous visibility of objects and actions, actions are rapid and
incremental with visible display of results, incremental actions are reversible
characteristics of indirect manipulation systems - Answer✔uses words and text (typing instead of
pointing)
advantages of GUIs - Answer✔symbols: easy to recognize, learn, and aid in problem solving
errors can be prevented because not allowed through input,
reduces need for typing skills,
immediate feedback allows for better conceptual model,
more attractive then other interfaces
disadvantages of GUIs - Answer✔complexity increases, learning time, design guidelines,
inconsistency in techniques and terminologies, symbols and graphics are not always expressive
as language, development of new icons is expensive, guis can be inefficient
3 types of GUI objects - Answer✔data objects (represent information), container objects (hold
other objects), device objects (physical objects in the real world)
characteristics of GUI objects - Answer✔attributes define characteristics, objects can be acted on
or manipulated
GUI views - Answer✔way of looking at an object
4 types of GUI views - Answer✔composed (present information and objects contained in an
object), contents (list components of objects), settings (permit manipulation of object attributes),
help (provide help functions)
principles of GUI design - Answer✔aesthetically pleasing, realistic looking metaphors, clarity,
compatibility, comprehensibility, configurability, consistency, control, directness, efficiency,
familiarity, flexibility, forgiveness, predictability, recovery, responsiveness, simplicity,
transparency
overview of the design process - Answer✔understand, involve, perform, modify and iterate,
integrate
HTML - Answer✔hyper text markup language, scripting language that describes how the page is
laid out
HTTP - Answer✔Hypertext transfer protocol - communications framework to navigate
webservers and pages
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