Pathophysiology exam 2

Pathophysiology exam 2 nm nm


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1.A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is
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located in which of the following fluid compartments?: Intravascular fl
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uid
2.A 35-year- nm

old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is ICF?
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: 42 L-
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nmthe total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L
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nm(60%)
3.While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the
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elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they h
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ave a(n):: de- creased muscle mass
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4.Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a dec
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reased oncotic pressure in the capillaries?
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nmA patient with:: liver failure
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5.Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is deter
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mined by:: osmotic forcesnm nm nm


6.An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces
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on fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fl
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uid moving into the interstitial space?: Increased interstitial oncotic p
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ressure
7.When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembe
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rs the principle of water balance is closely related to
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balance.: Sodium nm


8.A 70-year- nm

old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of the
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mfollowing is the most likely cause of this condition?: Increased capill
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ary hydrostatic pressure
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9.A 10-year- nm

old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he
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is incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering
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om cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:: localized ed
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ema
10.A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). W
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hich information should the nurse include?
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nmSecretion of ADH is stimulated by:: - increased plasma osmolality
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11.Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful con
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cern- ing aldosterone?
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nmSecretion of aldosterone results in:: increased blood volume
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12.A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-
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, Pathophysiology exam 2 nm nm


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secreting nmtumornmofnmthenmadrenalnmcortex.nmWhichnmfindingnmwouldnmthenmnursenme
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xpect to see in the lab results?-
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: Decreased blood K+ levels
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13.A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hor
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mones. When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do,
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how should the nurse respond?
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nmNatriuretic hormones affect the balance of:: Sodium
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14.A 5-year- nm

old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diag
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nosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders flu
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id replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution
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. Which of the following would be expected?: Intracellular dehydratio
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n
15.Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing h
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yperna- tremia? A patient with:: dehydration
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, Pathophysiology exam 2 nm nm


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16.The most common cause of pure water deficit is:: A. renal water l
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ss
17.Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with:: Hyperton
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ic hy- ponatremia
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18.A 52-year- nm

old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion, and d
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epressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the pre
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-
nmscribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indic
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ate hy- nm

nmperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur?: de
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creased sodium nm


19.When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is
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m priori- ty? Hyperkalemia causes a(n)
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in resting membrane potential with
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excitability of cardiac muscle.: increase, increased
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20.Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia?
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nmA patient with:: Increased bicarbonate intake
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21.Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to moni
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tor for hyperkalemia?: Acute acidosis
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22.Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patie
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nt has long-term potassium deficits?: kidneys
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23.A 42-year- nm

old female presents to her primary care provider reporting mus-
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nmcle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that
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m she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her
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nmcondition?: - Primary hyperaldosteronism
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24.A 19-year- nm

old male presents to his primary care provider reporting rest-
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nmlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is
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nmhyper-
nmkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition?:
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acidosis
25.A 60-year- nm

old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment finding
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should the nurse expect to observe?: oliguria
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26.Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma
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buffer- ing system?: carbonic acid and bicarbonate
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27.A nurse recalls regulation of acid-
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, Pathophysiology exam 2 nm nm


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basenmbalance nmthroughnmremovalnmornmreten-
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tion of volatile acids is accomplished by the:: lungs
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28.Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and
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mbicar- bonate exist in a ratio of:: 20:1
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29.Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis?
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A patient with:: Exces- sive loss of chloride (Cl)
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30.Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and
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mmeta- bolic acidosis? A patient diagnosed with:: renal failure
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31.For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compe
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nsate by:: hyperventilating
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