PH 335 Exam 1 With Complete Solution
Maintaining environmental quality is a pressing task for the 21st century - ANSWER
TRUE
Environmental Health Threats - ANSWER -Trash that fouls beaches
-Hazardous wastes (including radioactive wastes leaching from disposal sites)
-Continuing episodes of air pollution in some ares
-Exposures to toxic chemicals
-Destruction of the land through deforestation
Population and the Environment: The 3 P's (Principal Determinants of Health Worldwide)
- ANSWER -Pollution
-Population
-Poverty
Pollution - ANSWER -Combustion of fossil fuels (ex. petroleum and coal) that disperse
green house gases into atmosphere may cause:
1. global warming
2. Change in distribution of insect vectors
Population - ANSWER -Overpopulation in developing nations is leading to the human
population exceeding the carrying capacity of the planet
-World population of 10-12 billion during 21st century?
-Related to urban crowding
Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus - ANSWER Outbreaks on poltery farms in Asia
-Health officials were concerned that the virus might mutate, enabling human-to-human
transmission and a resulting pandemic
Swine flue (H1N1) influenza - ANSWER -Spread through North America to other parts of
the globe
-The WHO declared a pandemic
-Concern that a large proportion of the population might be susceptible to infection with
the virus
,-Seasonal influenza vaccine H1N1 strain might not provide protection
-During the summer and fall months of 2009, influenza activity peaked
-Week ending October 24, 2009... 49 of 50. states reported geographically widespread
disease
-Worldwide (as of 31 January 2010) more than 209 countries and overseas territories or
communities reported labratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009,
including at least 15174 deaths.
Poverty - ANSWER -Linked to population growth
-One of the well-recognized determinants of adverse health outcomes
Significance of the Environmental for Human Health - ANSWER -Exposure to potentially
hazardous agents accounts for many of the forms of environmentally associated
morbidity and mortality.
Examples of hazardous agents are: - ANSWER -Microbes
-Toxic chemicals and metals
-Pesticides
-Ionizing radiation
Scopes of environmental Health problems - ANSWER -Environmental factors are
thought to contribute significantly to many forms of chronic disease such as cancer,
including cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer.
-Large proportion of the burden of disease associated with environmental sources
-Prevalence of and mortality from asthma in the U.S. have increased since 1980 by 58%
and 78%, respectfully.
-High percentage of U.S. children with elevated blood lead levels
-Degrading air quality worldwide
Environmental Risk Transition - ANSWER -changes in environmental risks that happen
as a consequence of economic development in the less developed regions of the world
-before transition occurs, poor quality of:
1. Food
2. Air
3. Water
After transition, a new set of environmental problems take hold. Examples include the
, release of:
-Acid rain precursors
-Ozone-depleting chemicals
-Greenhouse gases
Population Growth - ANSWER -Increasing at an exponential rate
-Threatens to overwhelm available resources
-May cause periodic food scarcity and famine in some areas of the world.
Causes of Population Growth - ANSWER -increases in fertility
-reductions in mortality
-migration
Trends in Population Growth - ANSWER -As of June 1999, 6 billion people inhabited our
planet
-From 1931 to 1974 (a 43-year interval), the earth's population doubled and is projected
to double again during approximately the same interval (1974-2018)
Population Dynamics - ANSWER -the ever changing interrelationships among the set of
variables that influence the demographic makeup of populations as well as the variables
that influence the growth and decline of population sizes
Fertility - ANSWER -A measure of the total fertility rate (TFR) which indicates how many
births a woman would have by the end of her reproductive life
-In the U.S., the fertility rate fluctuates from around 2.0 to 2.1 births per woman; the
natural population replacement rate is estimated to be 2.1.
Fertility Trends - ANSWER -U.S., Canada, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, China, and
many European countries are at or below the replacement rate for fertility.
-Many Asian, Latin American, and African countries have a fertility rate of 4.0 births per
woman
Demographic Transition - ANSWER -alterations over time in a population's fertility,
mortality, and make-up.
-Developed societies have progressed through three stages that have affected their age
and sex distributions.
The Three Stages of Demographic Transition - ANSWER Stage 1: Population mostly
young, and fertility and mortality rates are high. Overall, the population remains small.
Maintaining environmental quality is a pressing task for the 21st century - ANSWER
TRUE
Environmental Health Threats - ANSWER -Trash that fouls beaches
-Hazardous wastes (including radioactive wastes leaching from disposal sites)
-Continuing episodes of air pollution in some ares
-Exposures to toxic chemicals
-Destruction of the land through deforestation
Population and the Environment: The 3 P's (Principal Determinants of Health Worldwide)
- ANSWER -Pollution
-Population
-Poverty
Pollution - ANSWER -Combustion of fossil fuels (ex. petroleum and coal) that disperse
green house gases into atmosphere may cause:
1. global warming
2. Change in distribution of insect vectors
Population - ANSWER -Overpopulation in developing nations is leading to the human
population exceeding the carrying capacity of the planet
-World population of 10-12 billion during 21st century?
-Related to urban crowding
Avian influenza A(H5N1) virus - ANSWER Outbreaks on poltery farms in Asia
-Health officials were concerned that the virus might mutate, enabling human-to-human
transmission and a resulting pandemic
Swine flue (H1N1) influenza - ANSWER -Spread through North America to other parts of
the globe
-The WHO declared a pandemic
-Concern that a large proportion of the population might be susceptible to infection with
the virus
,-Seasonal influenza vaccine H1N1 strain might not provide protection
-During the summer and fall months of 2009, influenza activity peaked
-Week ending October 24, 2009... 49 of 50. states reported geographically widespread
disease
-Worldwide (as of 31 January 2010) more than 209 countries and overseas territories or
communities reported labratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009,
including at least 15174 deaths.
Poverty - ANSWER -Linked to population growth
-One of the well-recognized determinants of adverse health outcomes
Significance of the Environmental for Human Health - ANSWER -Exposure to potentially
hazardous agents accounts for many of the forms of environmentally associated
morbidity and mortality.
Examples of hazardous agents are: - ANSWER -Microbes
-Toxic chemicals and metals
-Pesticides
-Ionizing radiation
Scopes of environmental Health problems - ANSWER -Environmental factors are
thought to contribute significantly to many forms of chronic disease such as cancer,
including cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer.
-Large proportion of the burden of disease associated with environmental sources
-Prevalence of and mortality from asthma in the U.S. have increased since 1980 by 58%
and 78%, respectfully.
-High percentage of U.S. children with elevated blood lead levels
-Degrading air quality worldwide
Environmental Risk Transition - ANSWER -changes in environmental risks that happen
as a consequence of economic development in the less developed regions of the world
-before transition occurs, poor quality of:
1. Food
2. Air
3. Water
After transition, a new set of environmental problems take hold. Examples include the
, release of:
-Acid rain precursors
-Ozone-depleting chemicals
-Greenhouse gases
Population Growth - ANSWER -Increasing at an exponential rate
-Threatens to overwhelm available resources
-May cause periodic food scarcity and famine in some areas of the world.
Causes of Population Growth - ANSWER -increases in fertility
-reductions in mortality
-migration
Trends in Population Growth - ANSWER -As of June 1999, 6 billion people inhabited our
planet
-From 1931 to 1974 (a 43-year interval), the earth's population doubled and is projected
to double again during approximately the same interval (1974-2018)
Population Dynamics - ANSWER -the ever changing interrelationships among the set of
variables that influence the demographic makeup of populations as well as the variables
that influence the growth and decline of population sizes
Fertility - ANSWER -A measure of the total fertility rate (TFR) which indicates how many
births a woman would have by the end of her reproductive life
-In the U.S., the fertility rate fluctuates from around 2.0 to 2.1 births per woman; the
natural population replacement rate is estimated to be 2.1.
Fertility Trends - ANSWER -U.S., Canada, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, China, and
many European countries are at or below the replacement rate for fertility.
-Many Asian, Latin American, and African countries have a fertility rate of 4.0 births per
woman
Demographic Transition - ANSWER -alterations over time in a population's fertility,
mortality, and make-up.
-Developed societies have progressed through three stages that have affected their age
and sex distributions.
The Three Stages of Demographic Transition - ANSWER Stage 1: Population mostly
young, and fertility and mortality rates are high. Overall, the population remains small.
