1. At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically close?
A. 2-4 months
B. 6-8 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 24-30 months
Answer: C) 12-18 months
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 12 to 18
months of age. Delayed closure may indicate conditions like
hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure.
2. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of measles?
A. Vesicular rash
B. Koplik spots
C. Strawberry tongue
D. Target lesions
Answer: B) Koplik spots
Rationale: Koplik spots are small, white lesions on the buccal
mucosa, pathognomonic for measles, preceding the rash.
3. A 2-month-old presents with a fever, irritability, and bulging
fontanelle. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Meningitis
B. Hydrocephalus
C. Dehydration
D. Subdural hematoma
Answer: A) Meningitis
Rationale: Bulging fontanelle, fever, and irritability in an infant are
hallmark signs of meningitis, requiring immediate medical
intervention.
4. The first-line treatment for febrile seizures is:
A. Phenobarbital
B. Diazepam
C. Antipyretics
D. Immediate EEG
Answer: C) Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting.
, 5. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
A. Influenza virus
B. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
C. Adenovirus
D. Parainfluenza virus
Answer: B) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rationale: RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children
under two years of age, leading to airway inflammation and
obstruction.
6. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children
worldwide is:
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Salmonella
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in
children, especially in developing countries, and is preventable by
vaccination.
7. A child with a "barking cough" and inspiratory stridor likely
has:
A. Asthma
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Foreign body aspiration
Answer: C) Croup
Rationale: Croup, caused by parainfluenza virus, presents with a
barking cough and stridor due to inflammation of the upper airway.
8. Which congenital heart defect is associated with a "machine like"
murmur?
A. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
B. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
D. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Answer: B) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
A. 2-4 months
B. 6-8 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 24-30 months
Answer: C) 12-18 months
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle usually closes between 12 to 18
months of age. Delayed closure may indicate conditions like
hypothyroidism or increased intracranial pressure.
2. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of measles?
A. Vesicular rash
B. Koplik spots
C. Strawberry tongue
D. Target lesions
Answer: B) Koplik spots
Rationale: Koplik spots are small, white lesions on the buccal
mucosa, pathognomonic for measles, preceding the rash.
3. A 2-month-old presents with a fever, irritability, and bulging
fontanelle. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Meningitis
B. Hydrocephalus
C. Dehydration
D. Subdural hematoma
Answer: A) Meningitis
Rationale: Bulging fontanelle, fever, and irritability in an infant are
hallmark signs of meningitis, requiring immediate medical
intervention.
4. The first-line treatment for febrile seizures is:
A. Phenobarbital
B. Diazepam
C. Antipyretics
D. Immediate EEG
Answer: C) Antipyretics
Rationale: Febrile seizures are usually benign and self-limiting.
, 5. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
A. Influenza virus
B. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
C. Adenovirus
D. Parainfluenza virus
Answer: B) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rationale: RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children
under two years of age, leading to airway inflammation and
obstruction.
6. The most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children
worldwide is:
A. Norovirus
B. Rotavirus
C. Salmonella
D. Escherichia coli
Answer: B) Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute diarrhea in
children, especially in developing countries, and is preventable by
vaccination.
7. A child with a "barking cough" and inspiratory stridor likely
has:
A. Asthma
B. Epiglottitis
C. Croup
D. Foreign body aspiration
Answer: C) Croup
Rationale: Croup, caused by parainfluenza virus, presents with a
barking cough and stridor due to inflammation of the upper airway.
8. Which congenital heart defect is associated with a "machine like"
murmur?
A. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
B. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
D. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Answer: B) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
