theprogram also helps people find help foranimalsinneed.[16] By early-December 2008, people using theDogpile search engine had raised $100,000 forDogpile's Search and Rescue program.[17]In July
2016, InfoSpace was sold by its parent company Blucora toOpenMail for$45 millionincash, putting Dogpile under theownershipofOpenMail.[18] OpenMail was later renamed System1.[19]StudiesThis
section needs tobe updated. thereason given is: Are we talking 2005 BC or 2005 AD? I think thefirst one might be closer tothetruth at this point. Please help update this article toreflect recent events or
newly available information. (June 2023)In April 2005, Dogpile collaborated with researchers from UniversityofPittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University tomeasure theoverlap and ranking
differencesofleading Web search enginesinorder togauge thebenefitsofusingametasearch engine tosearch theweb. Results found that from 10,316 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, and
Ask Jeeves only 3.2 percentoffirst page search results were thesame across those search engines fora given query. Another study later that year using 12,570 random user-defined queries from Google,
Yahoo!, MSN Search, and Ask Jeeves found that only 1.1 percentoffirst page search results were thesame across those search engines fora given query.[20]These studies showed that each search engine
provides vastly different results. While usersofthesearch engine may not recognizeaproblem, it was shown that they use ~3 search engines per month. Dogpile realized that searchers are not necessarily
finding theresults they were looking forin one search engine and thus decided toredefine their existing metasearch engine toprovide thebest results.[21]FeaturesAsof2013, Dogpile listed thefollowing
featuresinaddition toits search function:[22]Category Links: Links tohelp users focus their searchonspecific categories like News, Audio, etc.Yellow Pages: Allows users todoasearch using theYellow Pages
forbusiness, institutions and firms.White Pages: Allows users todoasearch using theWhite Pages forprivate people. (No longer available asofFebruary 23, 2017[23])Preferences: Links toa page where users
can setavarietyofcustomized search preferences.Spelling Correction: Offers suggested spellings forwords that may be misspelled and automatically corrects commonly misspelled keywords.Search Filter:
Blocks potentially explicit content formultimedia searchesinModerate setting and forall searches wheninHeavy setting.Statistics Bar: Shows how many results were returned forthesearch term.About
Results: Find out about Dogpile's policies regarding sponsored and non-sponsored search results.IntelliFind: Recommends additional content basedontheoriginal search term.Are You Looking For?:
TEST BANK FOR
Conceptual Foundations The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice 8th Edition 2024 Elizabeth E. Friberg
& Karen J. Saewert
Chapter 1-22
Chapter 01: A Brief History of the Professionalization of Nursing in the United States
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Historically, women were considered the obvious choice for nursing sick patients, because:
a. caring for others was an extension of their homemaker role.
b. early nurses were nuns, so the public was used to women in nursing.
c. men, who had education, were reluctant to try nursing.
d. women were often at home anyway, so caregiving was easy.
ANS: A
Women‘s domestic role (as homemakers and mothers) was naturally associated with the caregiving
required in nursing. Although religious orders did play a role in health care, it was the domestic duties of
women that set the stage for their involvement in nursing. Widespread education for men and women is
a fairly new phenomenon and did not play a role in the early history of nursing. Women did not care for
sick or injured strangers in their homes, so being at home was irrelevant.
2. Florence Nightingale‘s views about trained nurses were most influenced by her:
a. experiences in wartime.
b. ideas about sanitation.
c. relationships with physicians.
d. view of education.
ANS: A
Nightingale‘s experiences in wartime demonstrated to her that trained nurses were valuable in
decreasing morbidity and mortality among soldiers. Nightingale had revolutionary ideas about hospital
sanitation, but these are not credited with her advocacy of using trained nurses. Early trained nurses
were taught to follow the directions of the physician; collegial relationships
were not a part of health care practice in Nightingale‘s day. Nightingale‘s views of education were
influenced by her opinion on the value of trained nurses, not the other way around.
3. A nursing instructor explains to students that the major goal of the Society of Superintendents of
Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada was to:
a. improve working conditions for students.
b. obtain legal recognition for the profession.
c. raise and standardize the training of nurses.
d. reverse discrimination in admissions policies.
ANS: C
, The goals of the Society of Superintendents were ―to promote fellowship of members, to establish and
maintain a universal standard of training, and to further the best interests of the nursing profession.‖
Students were expected to work in apprenticeships during their education in the hospital-based programs
in existence at the time. Obtaining legal recognition for nurses was the goal of the Nurses‘ Associated
Alumnae of the United States and Canada, later renamed the American Nurses Association.
Discrimination in nursing existed well into the civil rights era and beyond, with men and women of
color routinely being banned from admission and employment.
4. Today‘s nurse understands that legal recognition for nurses was imperative to:
a. allow nurses to expand beyond the hospital setting.
b. lobby for better wages and working conditions.
c. protect the public from untrained nurses.
d. provide hospitals with accreditation requirements.
ANS: C
The goal of the Nurses‘ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (renamed the American
Nurses Association in 1912) was to protect the public from untrained nurses by securing legal
recognition for trained nurses. Graduate nurses predominantly worked as private duty nurses up through
the early 20th century. Wages remained low, and working conditions remained long and arduous in
hospitals (and seasonal for private duty nurses) until hospitals began hiring more graduate nurses in the
1930s. Hospital accreditation is a recent phenomenon, unattached to legal recognition for nurses.
5. Which patient would most likely have been cared for in a hospital in the 19th to early 20th century?
a. Dying patient
b. Contagious patient
c. Homeless patient
d. Woman in labor
ANS: C
Hospitals were considered places for people who had no one else to care for them.
Most patients were cared for in their homes. A dying patient probably would have been cared for at
home. A patient with a communicable illness would have probably been confined to his or her home.
Women in labor typically had their children at home.
6. Lillian Wald‘s contribution to nursing can best be described as the:
a. creation of community health nursing.
b. development of college-based nursing schools.
c. establishment of the Navy Nurse Corps.
d. foundation of maternal-child nursing.
ANS: A
Wald responded to the changing social conditions in the late 1800s by establishing the Henry Street
Settlement and Henry Street Visiting Nurse Services in response to the horrendous health conditions
she witnessed in New York City. Wald was not involved in establishing college-based nursing
programs. Wald was not involved in establishing the Navy Nurse Corps. Wald was not involved in
establishing maternal-child nursing as a specialty, although she did care for many new mothers and
their infants as part of her community nursing role.
,7. Which event eventually led to the creation of military nursing?
a. American Civil War
b. Spanish-American War
c. World War I
d. World War II
ANS: B
During the Spanish-American War, trained nurses cared for soldiers suffering from yellow fever. This
convinced the military and Congress of the need for qualified nurses and set the stage for the eventual
creation of the Army Nurse Corps in 1901 and the Navy Nurse Corps in 1908. During the Civil War,
both sides wanted women to care for injured and ill soldiers, but these women were mostly untrained
volunteers from the middle and upper classes. World War
I occurred after the creation of the Army Nurse Corps and the Navy Nurse Corps. World War
II occurred after the creation of the Army Nurse Corps and the Navy Nurse Corps.
8. A faculty nurse explaining the stratification in nursing roles seen today tells students that the most
important event leading to this development was:
a. desegregation in nursing.
b. limited nursing opportunities.
c. the Korean conflict.
d. World War II.
ANS: D
The United States‘ involvement in World War II dramatically increased the demand for trained nurses.
To help fill this need, the American Red Cross and the Office of Civilian Defense co-established a
program to train nurse aides. The success of the program encouraged hospitals to use employees with
various levels of skill. Desegregation in nursing did come about in the same era as stratification, but it
was not instrumental in creating this differentiated practice. Nursing opportunities were increasing
throughout the 20th century.
Role stratification was already entrenched by the Korean conflict.
9. Discrimination against African-American nurses began to wane during:
a. Kennedy‘s presidency.
b. the civil rights era.
c. the Vietnam War.
d. World War II.
theprogram also helps people find help foranimalsinneed.[16] By early-December 2008, people using theDogpile search engine had raised $100,000 forDogpile's Search and Rescue program.[17]In July 2016,
InfoSpace was sold by its parent company Blucora toOpenMail for$45 millionincash, putting Dogpile under theownershipofOpenMail.[18] OpenMail was later renamed System1.[19]StudiesThis section needs tobe
updated. thereason given is: Are we talking 2005 BC or 2005 AD? I think thefirst one might be closer tothetruth at this point. Please help update this article toreflect recent events or newly available information. (June
2023)In April 2005, Dogpile collaborated with researchers from UniversityofPittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University tomeasure theoverlap and ranking differencesofleading Web search enginesinorder togauge
thebenefitsofusingametasearch engine tosearch theweb. Results found that from 10,316 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, and Ask Jeeves only 3.2 percentoffirst page search results were thesame
across those search engines fora given query. Another study later that year using 12,570 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search, and Ask Jeeves found that only 1.1 percentoffirst page search
results were thesame across those search engines fora given query.[20]These studies showed that each search engine provides vastly different results. While usersofthesearch engine may not recognizeaproblem, it was
shown that they use ~3 search engines per month. Dogpile realized that searchers are not necessarily finding theresults they were looking forin one search engine and thus decided toredefine their existing metasearch
engine toprovide thebest results.[21]FeaturesAsof2013, Dogpile listed thefollowing featuresinaddition toits search function:[22]Category Links: Links tohelp users focus their searchonspecific categories like News,
Audio, etc.Yellow Pages: Allows users todoasearch using theYellow Pages forbusiness, institutions and firms.White Pages: Allows users todoasearch using theWhite Pages forprivate people. (No longer available
asofFebruary 23, 2017[23])Preferences: Links toa page where users can setavarietyofcustomized search preferences.Spelling Correction: Offers suggested spellings forwords that may be misspelled and automatically
corrects commonly misspelled keywords.Search Filter: Blocks potentially explicit content formultimedia searchesinModerate setting and forall searches wheninHeavy setting.Statistics Bar: Shows how many results
were returned forthesearch term.About Results: Find out about Dogpile's policies regarding sponsored and non-sponsored search results.IntelliFind: Recommends additional content basedontheoriginal search term.Are
You Looking For?:
ANS: D
World War II saw discrimination against African Americans begin to wane with the end of segregation in
the military Nurse Corps. At the end of World War II, many state nurses associations ended their
discrimination in membership as well; by 1952, all state nurses
associations had eliminated such discriminatory policies. Kennedy‘s presidency, although known
for civil rights advancements, was not when discrimination began to end. The civil rights era
, occurred at approximately the same time as the Kennedy era. The Vietnam War occurred at the
same time as Kennedy‘s presidency and civil rights era.
10. Between the years 1950 and 1967, the number of nurses and assistive personnel rose
dramatically in part as a result of the influence of the:
a. Children‘s Bureau.
b. Hill-Burton Act.
c. Nurse Training Act.
2016, InfoSpace was sold by its parent company Blucora toOpenMail for$45 millionincash, putting Dogpile under theownershipofOpenMail.[18] OpenMail was later renamed System1.[19]StudiesThis
section needs tobe updated. thereason given is: Are we talking 2005 BC or 2005 AD? I think thefirst one might be closer tothetruth at this point. Please help update this article toreflect recent events or
newly available information. (June 2023)In April 2005, Dogpile collaborated with researchers from UniversityofPittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University tomeasure theoverlap and ranking
differencesofleading Web search enginesinorder togauge thebenefitsofusingametasearch engine tosearch theweb. Results found that from 10,316 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, and
Ask Jeeves only 3.2 percentoffirst page search results were thesame across those search engines fora given query. Another study later that year using 12,570 random user-defined queries from Google,
Yahoo!, MSN Search, and Ask Jeeves found that only 1.1 percentoffirst page search results were thesame across those search engines fora given query.[20]These studies showed that each search engine
provides vastly different results. While usersofthesearch engine may not recognizeaproblem, it was shown that they use ~3 search engines per month. Dogpile realized that searchers are not necessarily
finding theresults they were looking forin one search engine and thus decided toredefine their existing metasearch engine toprovide thebest results.[21]FeaturesAsof2013, Dogpile listed thefollowing
featuresinaddition toits search function:[22]Category Links: Links tohelp users focus their searchonspecific categories like News, Audio, etc.Yellow Pages: Allows users todoasearch using theYellow Pages
forbusiness, institutions and firms.White Pages: Allows users todoasearch using theWhite Pages forprivate people. (No longer available asofFebruary 23, 2017[23])Preferences: Links toa page where users
can setavarietyofcustomized search preferences.Spelling Correction: Offers suggested spellings forwords that may be misspelled and automatically corrects commonly misspelled keywords.Search Filter:
Blocks potentially explicit content formultimedia searchesinModerate setting and forall searches wheninHeavy setting.Statistics Bar: Shows how many results were returned forthesearch term.About
Results: Find out about Dogpile's policies regarding sponsored and non-sponsored search results.IntelliFind: Recommends additional content basedontheoriginal search term.Are You Looking For?:
TEST BANK FOR
Conceptual Foundations The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice 8th Edition 2024 Elizabeth E. Friberg
& Karen J. Saewert
Chapter 1-22
Chapter 01: A Brief History of the Professionalization of Nursing in the United States
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Historically, women were considered the obvious choice for nursing sick patients, because:
a. caring for others was an extension of their homemaker role.
b. early nurses were nuns, so the public was used to women in nursing.
c. men, who had education, were reluctant to try nursing.
d. women were often at home anyway, so caregiving was easy.
ANS: A
Women‘s domestic role (as homemakers and mothers) was naturally associated with the caregiving
required in nursing. Although religious orders did play a role in health care, it was the domestic duties of
women that set the stage for their involvement in nursing. Widespread education for men and women is
a fairly new phenomenon and did not play a role in the early history of nursing. Women did not care for
sick or injured strangers in their homes, so being at home was irrelevant.
2. Florence Nightingale‘s views about trained nurses were most influenced by her:
a. experiences in wartime.
b. ideas about sanitation.
c. relationships with physicians.
d. view of education.
ANS: A
Nightingale‘s experiences in wartime demonstrated to her that trained nurses were valuable in
decreasing morbidity and mortality among soldiers. Nightingale had revolutionary ideas about hospital
sanitation, but these are not credited with her advocacy of using trained nurses. Early trained nurses
were taught to follow the directions of the physician; collegial relationships
were not a part of health care practice in Nightingale‘s day. Nightingale‘s views of education were
influenced by her opinion on the value of trained nurses, not the other way around.
3. A nursing instructor explains to students that the major goal of the Society of Superintendents of
Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada was to:
a. improve working conditions for students.
b. obtain legal recognition for the profession.
c. raise and standardize the training of nurses.
d. reverse discrimination in admissions policies.
ANS: C
, The goals of the Society of Superintendents were ―to promote fellowship of members, to establish and
maintain a universal standard of training, and to further the best interests of the nursing profession.‖
Students were expected to work in apprenticeships during their education in the hospital-based programs
in existence at the time. Obtaining legal recognition for nurses was the goal of the Nurses‘ Associated
Alumnae of the United States and Canada, later renamed the American Nurses Association.
Discrimination in nursing existed well into the civil rights era and beyond, with men and women of
color routinely being banned from admission and employment.
4. Today‘s nurse understands that legal recognition for nurses was imperative to:
a. allow nurses to expand beyond the hospital setting.
b. lobby for better wages and working conditions.
c. protect the public from untrained nurses.
d. provide hospitals with accreditation requirements.
ANS: C
The goal of the Nurses‘ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (renamed the American
Nurses Association in 1912) was to protect the public from untrained nurses by securing legal
recognition for trained nurses. Graduate nurses predominantly worked as private duty nurses up through
the early 20th century. Wages remained low, and working conditions remained long and arduous in
hospitals (and seasonal for private duty nurses) until hospitals began hiring more graduate nurses in the
1930s. Hospital accreditation is a recent phenomenon, unattached to legal recognition for nurses.
5. Which patient would most likely have been cared for in a hospital in the 19th to early 20th century?
a. Dying patient
b. Contagious patient
c. Homeless patient
d. Woman in labor
ANS: C
Hospitals were considered places for people who had no one else to care for them.
Most patients were cared for in their homes. A dying patient probably would have been cared for at
home. A patient with a communicable illness would have probably been confined to his or her home.
Women in labor typically had their children at home.
6. Lillian Wald‘s contribution to nursing can best be described as the:
a. creation of community health nursing.
b. development of college-based nursing schools.
c. establishment of the Navy Nurse Corps.
d. foundation of maternal-child nursing.
ANS: A
Wald responded to the changing social conditions in the late 1800s by establishing the Henry Street
Settlement and Henry Street Visiting Nurse Services in response to the horrendous health conditions
she witnessed in New York City. Wald was not involved in establishing college-based nursing
programs. Wald was not involved in establishing the Navy Nurse Corps. Wald was not involved in
establishing maternal-child nursing as a specialty, although she did care for many new mothers and
their infants as part of her community nursing role.
,7. Which event eventually led to the creation of military nursing?
a. American Civil War
b. Spanish-American War
c. World War I
d. World War II
ANS: B
During the Spanish-American War, trained nurses cared for soldiers suffering from yellow fever. This
convinced the military and Congress of the need for qualified nurses and set the stage for the eventual
creation of the Army Nurse Corps in 1901 and the Navy Nurse Corps in 1908. During the Civil War,
both sides wanted women to care for injured and ill soldiers, but these women were mostly untrained
volunteers from the middle and upper classes. World War
I occurred after the creation of the Army Nurse Corps and the Navy Nurse Corps. World War
II occurred after the creation of the Army Nurse Corps and the Navy Nurse Corps.
8. A faculty nurse explaining the stratification in nursing roles seen today tells students that the most
important event leading to this development was:
a. desegregation in nursing.
b. limited nursing opportunities.
c. the Korean conflict.
d. World War II.
ANS: D
The United States‘ involvement in World War II dramatically increased the demand for trained nurses.
To help fill this need, the American Red Cross and the Office of Civilian Defense co-established a
program to train nurse aides. The success of the program encouraged hospitals to use employees with
various levels of skill. Desegregation in nursing did come about in the same era as stratification, but it
was not instrumental in creating this differentiated practice. Nursing opportunities were increasing
throughout the 20th century.
Role stratification was already entrenched by the Korean conflict.
9. Discrimination against African-American nurses began to wane during:
a. Kennedy‘s presidency.
b. the civil rights era.
c. the Vietnam War.
d. World War II.
theprogram also helps people find help foranimalsinneed.[16] By early-December 2008, people using theDogpile search engine had raised $100,000 forDogpile's Search and Rescue program.[17]In July 2016,
InfoSpace was sold by its parent company Blucora toOpenMail for$45 millionincash, putting Dogpile under theownershipofOpenMail.[18] OpenMail was later renamed System1.[19]StudiesThis section needs tobe
updated. thereason given is: Are we talking 2005 BC or 2005 AD? I think thefirst one might be closer tothetruth at this point. Please help update this article toreflect recent events or newly available information. (June
2023)In April 2005, Dogpile collaborated with researchers from UniversityofPittsburgh and Pennsylvania State University tomeasure theoverlap and ranking differencesofleading Web search enginesinorder togauge
thebenefitsofusingametasearch engine tosearch theweb. Results found that from 10,316 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, and Ask Jeeves only 3.2 percentoffirst page search results were thesame
across those search engines fora given query. Another study later that year using 12,570 random user-defined queries from Google, Yahoo!, MSN Search, and Ask Jeeves found that only 1.1 percentoffirst page search
results were thesame across those search engines fora given query.[20]These studies showed that each search engine provides vastly different results. While usersofthesearch engine may not recognizeaproblem, it was
shown that they use ~3 search engines per month. Dogpile realized that searchers are not necessarily finding theresults they were looking forin one search engine and thus decided toredefine their existing metasearch
engine toprovide thebest results.[21]FeaturesAsof2013, Dogpile listed thefollowing featuresinaddition toits search function:[22]Category Links: Links tohelp users focus their searchonspecific categories like News,
Audio, etc.Yellow Pages: Allows users todoasearch using theYellow Pages forbusiness, institutions and firms.White Pages: Allows users todoasearch using theWhite Pages forprivate people. (No longer available
asofFebruary 23, 2017[23])Preferences: Links toa page where users can setavarietyofcustomized search preferences.Spelling Correction: Offers suggested spellings forwords that may be misspelled and automatically
corrects commonly misspelled keywords.Search Filter: Blocks potentially explicit content formultimedia searchesinModerate setting and forall searches wheninHeavy setting.Statistics Bar: Shows how many results
were returned forthesearch term.About Results: Find out about Dogpile's policies regarding sponsored and non-sponsored search results.IntelliFind: Recommends additional content basedontheoriginal search term.Are
You Looking For?:
ANS: D
World War II saw discrimination against African Americans begin to wane with the end of segregation in
the military Nurse Corps. At the end of World War II, many state nurses associations ended their
discrimination in membership as well; by 1952, all state nurses
associations had eliminated such discriminatory policies. Kennedy‘s presidency, although known
for civil rights advancements, was not when discrimination began to end. The civil rights era
, occurred at approximately the same time as the Kennedy era. The Vietnam War occurred at the
same time as Kennedy‘s presidency and civil rights era.
10. Between the years 1950 and 1967, the number of nurses and assistive personnel rose
dramatically in part as a result of the influence of the:
a. Children‘s Bureau.
b. Hill-Burton Act.
c. Nurse Training Act.
