HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER can use urine, saliva, or serum (most
accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWER Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to
blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWER Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases
blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWER Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory
process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of
inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the
arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and
fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWER Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site
of inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWER Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute
inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWER Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for
presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
,Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and
also increases the release of IL6a
, Cytokine BIL6 Bfunction B- BANSWER BStimulates Bproduction Bof Bacute Bphase Breactants Band
Bpromotes Bgrowth Band Bstimulation Bof BRBCs
Cytokine BTNF Bfunction B- BANSWER BCauses Bfever, Bincreases Bsynthesis Bof Bproinflammatory
Bproteins Bby Bliver, Bcauses Bmuscle Bwasting, Binduces Bthrombosis
Cytokine Bgrowth Bfactor Bfunction B- BANSWER BPromotes Bproduction Band Bmaturation Bof
Bneutrophils
Complement B- BANSWER BFunctions Binclude Bbacterial Blysis, Bvasodilation Band Bincreased
Bvascular Bpermeability, Btriggers Bmast Bcell Bdegranulation, Bchemotaxis, Band Bopsonization.
Kinin B- BANSWER BConverted Bto Bbradykinin Bwhich Bis Bresponsible Bfor Bpain Band
Bchemotaxis, Band Bit Bincreases Bvascular Bpermeability Band Bvasodilation.
Coagulation Bcascade B- BANSWER BFactor BXII Bactivates Bkinin. BFunction Bis Bto Bform Bfibrin
Bmesh Bto Bstop Bbleeding Band Btrap Bmicro Borganisms.
COX1 B- BANSWER BProstaglandin Bof Barachidonic Bpathway. BProvides
Bgastroprotection, Bplatelet Baggregation, Bfluid/electrolyte Bbalance
COX2 B- BANSWER BProstaglandin Bof Barachidonic Bpathway. BResponsible Bfor Bpain, Bfever, Brenal
Bprotection, Btissue Brepair, Breproduction Bdevelopment.
COX2 Binhibitors- Bclinical Bimplications B- BANSWER BProtect Bgastric Bmucosa- Bprevent
Bulcers Band Bbleeding. BRemoved Bfrom Bmarket Br/t Bcardiac Bevents Bexcept Bfor BCelebrex. BCan
Bimpair Brenal Bfunction B, Bmonitor Blabs.
Arachidonic Bpathway Bpurpose B- BANSWER BSynthesis Bof Bprostaglandins
Non-selective BNSAIDS B- BANSWER BInhibit BCOX1 Band BCOX2, Brisk Bfor Bgastric Bulceration, BGI
Bbleeds, Bedema, Brenal Bimpairment
ASA B- BANSWER BBlocks BCOX1 Band BCOX2, Balso Binhibits BThromboxane BA2 Band
Bprostaglandins
Corticosteroids B- BANSWER BInhibit Bphospholipase BA2, Bpreventing Bformation Bof
Bprostaglandins, Bthromboxane BA2, Bprostacyclin, Band Bleukotrines
Thromboxane B- BANSWER BVasoconstriction, Bplatelet Baggregation
Prostacyclin B- BANSWER BVasodilation, Bplatelet Baggregation B(most Beffective Bone)
Type B1 Bhypersensitivity B- BANSWER BE. BImmediate Bresponse Bto Ballergen, Bfood, Bmeds, Bpollen,
Basthma, Ballergic Breactions
accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWER Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to
blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWER Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases
blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWER Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory
process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of
inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ANSWER Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the
arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and
fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWER Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site
of inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWER Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute
inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWER Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for
presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
,Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and
also increases the release of IL6a
, Cytokine BIL6 Bfunction B- BANSWER BStimulates Bproduction Bof Bacute Bphase Breactants Band
Bpromotes Bgrowth Band Bstimulation Bof BRBCs
Cytokine BTNF Bfunction B- BANSWER BCauses Bfever, Bincreases Bsynthesis Bof Bproinflammatory
Bproteins Bby Bliver, Bcauses Bmuscle Bwasting, Binduces Bthrombosis
Cytokine Bgrowth Bfactor Bfunction B- BANSWER BPromotes Bproduction Band Bmaturation Bof
Bneutrophils
Complement B- BANSWER BFunctions Binclude Bbacterial Blysis, Bvasodilation Band Bincreased
Bvascular Bpermeability, Btriggers Bmast Bcell Bdegranulation, Bchemotaxis, Band Bopsonization.
Kinin B- BANSWER BConverted Bto Bbradykinin Bwhich Bis Bresponsible Bfor Bpain Band
Bchemotaxis, Band Bit Bincreases Bvascular Bpermeability Band Bvasodilation.
Coagulation Bcascade B- BANSWER BFactor BXII Bactivates Bkinin. BFunction Bis Bto Bform Bfibrin
Bmesh Bto Bstop Bbleeding Band Btrap Bmicro Borganisms.
COX1 B- BANSWER BProstaglandin Bof Barachidonic Bpathway. BProvides
Bgastroprotection, Bplatelet Baggregation, Bfluid/electrolyte Bbalance
COX2 B- BANSWER BProstaglandin Bof Barachidonic Bpathway. BResponsible Bfor Bpain, Bfever, Brenal
Bprotection, Btissue Brepair, Breproduction Bdevelopment.
COX2 Binhibitors- Bclinical Bimplications B- BANSWER BProtect Bgastric Bmucosa- Bprevent
Bulcers Band Bbleeding. BRemoved Bfrom Bmarket Br/t Bcardiac Bevents Bexcept Bfor BCelebrex. BCan
Bimpair Brenal Bfunction B, Bmonitor Blabs.
Arachidonic Bpathway Bpurpose B- BANSWER BSynthesis Bof Bprostaglandins
Non-selective BNSAIDS B- BANSWER BInhibit BCOX1 Band BCOX2, Brisk Bfor Bgastric Bulceration, BGI
Bbleeds, Bedema, Brenal Bimpairment
ASA B- BANSWER BBlocks BCOX1 Band BCOX2, Balso Binhibits BThromboxane BA2 Band
Bprostaglandins
Corticosteroids B- BANSWER BInhibit Bphospholipase BA2, Bpreventing Bformation Bof
Bprostaglandins, Bthromboxane BA2, Bprostacyclin, Band Bleukotrines
Thromboxane B- BANSWER BVasoconstriction, Bplatelet Baggregation
Prostacyclin B- BANSWER BVasodilation, Bplatelet Baggregation B(most Beffective Bone)
Type B1 Bhypersensitivity B- BANSWER BE. BImmediate Bresponse Bto Ballergen, Bfood, Bmeds, Bpollen,
Basthma, Ballergic Breactions
