ABGC Exam Prep With 100% Correct And Verified Answers 2025

ABGC Exam Prep With 100% Correct
And Verified Answers 2025
AdvancedTEmpathyT-TCorrectTAnswer-
UsedTtoTgoTbelowTtheTsurfaceTofTaTconversation
ReflectionTofTthingsTnotTdirectlyTstated
IncludesTreframingTandTinterpretation

confrontationT-TCorrectTAnswer-AskingTtheTclientTtoTseeTthingsTdifferentlyT
UseTitTforTtheTclient'sTadvantage

RogerianTCounseling:TPerson-FirstTCounselingT-TCorrectTAnswer-
UnconditionalTpositiveTregard
BeTgenuine
ShowTempathy,Twarmth,TandTcaring
BeTcalm
TherapeuticTalliance/TdignityTandTrespect
Empathy
Collaboration
PositiveTregard
SharedTgoalTsetting/informationTsharing/activeTparticipation

WhatTisTnon-directiveness?T-TCorrectTAnswer-
GeneticTcounselingTisTnondirectiveTandTaimsTtoTexplainTtheTfactsTasTclearlyTasTpossib
le,TgivingTtheTclientTandTtheirTfamilyTaccurateTinformationTregardingToptionsTinTaTwayT
whichTtheyTcanTunderstand.TAllowTtheTclientTtoTmakeTupTtheirTownTmind.

PrimaryTEmpathyT-TCorrectTAnswer-
Purpose:TlowersTclientTanxiety,TkeepsTtheTpatientTtalking
ContentTlevel:TsurfaceTlevelTcontent
EffectTonTclient:TreassuresTtheTclient
ClientTrelationship:TclarifiesTandTbuildsTtrust
Timing:TmayToccurTthroughoutTtheTsession
ReflectsTtheTclient'sTpointTofTview
PrimaryTempathyTconsistsTof:
MinimalTencouragers:TfeelingTreflection
Paraphrasing:TuseTyourTownTwordsTtoTcaptureTtheTessenceTofTwhatTaTpatientTisTshari
ng
Summarizing:TlongerTthanTparaphraseT-TgoodTforTtransitionTandTendingTaTsession
ContentTreflection:TreflectionTofTtheTfeelingsTofTtheTstory

advancedTempathyT-TCorrectTAnswer-
Purpose:TcounselorTresponseTgoesTbeyondTwhatTtheTclientTexpressesTandTgoesTintoTi
nnerTthoughtsTandTfeelings,TusuallyToccursTlateTinTaTsession

,ContentTlevel:TdealsTwithThidden,TimpliedTcontentTandTaffect
EffectTonTtheTclient:TchallengesTclient
ClientTrelationship:TadditiveTtoTclient'sTexplicitTexpressions
Timing:TusedTsparingly
ReflectsTtheTcounselor'sTpointTofTview
PayTattentionTtoTnonverbalTcues,TpointToutTrecurringTthemes,TmakeTconnections,Tpoint
ToutTalternatives,TdevelopTlogicalTprogressionTforTtheTclient


AnalyticTvalidityT-TCorrectTAnswer-
howTaccuratelyTandTreliablyTtheTtestTmeasuresTgenotypeTofTinterest

ClinicalTvalidityT-TCorrectTAnswer-
howTconsistentlyTandTaccuratelyTtheTtestTdetectsTorTpredictsTtheTfinalToutcome
I.e.TifTtheTtestTdetectsTaTmutation,ThowTwellTcanTweTpredictTtheTphenotype

ClinicalTutilityT-TCorrectTAnswer-howTlikelyTtheTtestTisTtoTsignificantlyTimproveToutcome

LocusTheterogeneityT-TCorrectTAnswer-
mutationsTinTdifferentTgenesTcanTcauseTsimilar/identicalTphenotype

AllelicTheterogeneityT-TCorrectTAnswer-
differentTmutationsTinTtheTsameTgeneTcanTcauseTsimilar/identicalTphenotype

PhenotypicTheterogeneityT-TCorrectTAnswer-
differentTmutationsTwithinTtheTsameTgeneTcanTcauseTveryTdifferentTphenotypes

RobertsonianTTranslocationT-TCorrectTAnswer-
betweenTtwoTacrocentricTchromosomes;TbothTchromsTloseTpTarmTandTgetTstuckTtoget
her
1:1,000TindividualsTareTbalancedTrobTtransTcarriersT-
TmostTcommonTchromTrearrangement
13q14qTandT14q21qTmostTcommon
33%TtheoreticalTriskTofTanTabnormalTgameteT-
TempiricalTriskTisTdifferentTforTdifferentTrobTtrans
IncreasedTriskTofTtrisomyTofTinvolvedTchroms
IncreasedTriskTofTUPDTifTtrisomyTrescueToccurs

ReciprocalTTranslocationT-TCorrectTAnswer-breakageTorTrecombinationTinvolvingTnon-
homologousTchromosomesT
1:500TindividualsTareTbalancedTcarriers
AtTriskTforTmultipleTmiscarriagesTandTabnormalToffspring
GenerallyTaboutT11%TriskTforTunbalancedTsegregation
EmpiricTdataT-TascertainmentTdependent
PreviousTunbalancedTchild:T20%TRR
PreviousTmultipleTSABs:T3-4%TRR

,PericentricTInversionT-TCorrectTAnswer-IncludesTtheTcentromere
CanTproduceTbothTbalancedTandTunbalanced
TheTlongerTtheTinversionTsegment,TtheTincreasedTchanceTofTviable,TbutTabnormalToffs
pring

ParacentricTInversionT-TCorrectTAnswer-DoesTnotTincludeTcentromere
MostTresultTinTnon-viableToffspringTwhenTrecombinationTwithinTtheTinversionToccurs

MalformationT-TCorrectTAnswer-
structuralTdifferencesTthatTariseTfromTaTprimaryTerrorT(oftenTgenetic)TinTmorphogenesi
sTorTdevelopment
UsuallyToccurTinTembryonicTperiod;TfailureTtoTformTorgan/
tissueTorTincompleteTorTincorrectTformation

DeformationT-TCorrectTAnswer-anTalterationTinTshape/
structureTofTbodyTpartTthatTformedTnormallyT-TcausedTbyTnon-
disruptiveTmechanicalTforcesT(externalTforces)Tex:TpotterTsequenceTd/
tToligohydramnios
Ex:TfetalTmovementTrestrictedTd/tTtwins/oligohydramnios

DisruptionT-TCorrectTAnswer-
structuralTdefectTresultingTfromTdestructionTofTaTbodyTpartTthatThasTdifferentiatedTnor
mallyT-Tex:TamnioticTbands
SecondaryTdefectTthatTarisesTfromTanTobstructiveTprocess,TusuallyTearlyTinTpregnancy
UsuallyTsporadicTwithTlowTRR

DysplasiaT-TCorrectTAnswer-
abnormalTorganizationTofTcellsTintoTtissueTasTaTconsequenceTofTgeneralizedTdefectTin
TdifferentiationTorTgrowth
OftenTaffectTaTtissueTtypeTthroughoutTtheTbodyT-Tex:Tachondroplasia
FrequentlyThaveTunderlyingTgeneticTetiology

G'sTandTP'sT-TCorrectTAnswer-GravidityT-
ThowTmanyTtotalTpregnanciesT(includesTcurrentTpregnancy)
Parity
TT-TtermTdeliveriesT(>37TweeksT(twinT=1))
PT-TpretermTdeliveries
AT-TabortionsT(miscarriagesTpriorTtoT20Twks)
LT-TlivingTchildren

SpontaneousTabortionsT-TCorrectTAnswer-occurTinT~15-
20%TofTrecognizedTpregnancies
OfT1stTtrimesterTSABsT-T50-70%TareTd/tTabnormalTchromosomes
TrisomyT16TisTtheTmostTcommon,TfollowedTbyTTurner

RecurrentTpregnancyTlossT-TCorrectTAnswer-3+TconsecutiveTlossesTpriorTtoT20Tweeks

, PossibleTetiologies:T40-50%Tunexplained,T20%Tautoimmune,T17-
20%TendocrineT(diabetes,TPCOS),T10-
15%TanatomicT(uterineTmalformation,TcervicalTinsufficiency,T2-
5%TgeneticT(parentalTbalancedTtranslocation,Tmosaicism,Tetc),T0.5-
5%TinfectionT(CMV,Tparvo,Ttoxo)
NSGCTrecommendationsTforTmultipleTmiscarriagesT(2005Tguidelines)
MicroarrayTorTchromosomeTanalysisTofTPOC
KaryotypeTparents
FactorTVTLeidenTandTprothrombinTG2021ATtesting
AlphaTThalTtestingTforTSoutheastTAsianTorTMediterraneanTancestry

SensitivityT-TCorrectTAnswer-
probabilityTthatTpersonTwithTdiseaseTwillThaveTpositiveTtestT[trueTpos/
(trueTposT+TfalseTneg)]
1-sensitivity=falseTnegativeTrate
AsTdetectionTrate/sensitivityTgoesTup,TsoTdoesTtheTfalseTpositiveTrate

SpecificityT-TCorrectTAnswer-
probabilityTthatTpersonTw/oTtheTdiseaseTwillThaveTnegativeTtestT[trueTneg/
(truTneg+falseTpos)]
1-specificity=falseTpositiveTrate

PositiveTPredictiveTValueT-TCorrectTAnswer-
PositiveTPredictiveTValue:TprobabilityTthatTpersonThasTtheTdiseaseTgivenTaTpositiveTte
st
[trueTpos/(trueTposT+TfalseTpos)]
PPVTisTaffectedTbyTincidenceTofTdiseaseT-TlowerTPPVTforTmoreTrareTdiseases

NegativeTPredictiveTValueT-TCorrectTAnswer-
probabilityTthatTpersonTdoesTnotThaveTtheTdiseaseTgivenTaTnegativeTtest
[trueTneg/(trueTnegT+TfalseTneg)]

DownTSyndromeT*1stTTrimesterTPegnancyTScreen*?T-TCorrectTAnswer-
highThCG,TlowTPAPP-A,TlowTAFPT+TincreasedTNT

TrisomyT13/18T1stTTrimesterTPregnancyTScreenT-TCorrectTAnswer-
lowThCG,TlowTPAPP-A,TlowTAFPT+TincreasedTNT

DownTSyndromeT2ndTTrimesterTQuadTscreen?T-TCorrectTAnswer-
highThCG,ThighTinhibinTA,TlowTuE3,TlowTAFP

TrisomyT18T2ndTtrimesterTquadTscreenT-TCorrectTAnswer-
lowThCG,TlowTinhibinTA,TlowTuE3,TlowTAFP

SteroidTsulfataseTdeficiency/Smith-Lemli-Opitz/x-linkedTichthyosisT-TCorrectTAnswer-
lowTuE3