NURS 5334-PHARM: Antimicrobials part 1/ Module 2 UTA
Questions With Complete Solutions
Drug resistant bacteria (seven listed)
-E.faecium
-Staph aureus
-Enterbacter,
-Klebsiella
-Pseudo aeruginosa
-Acine baumannii
-C. diff
Four basic actions of bacterial drug resistance
•Decrease the concentration of a drug at its site of action
•Inactivate a drug
•Alter the structure of
drug target molecules
•Produce a drug antagonist
Spontaneous mutation
•Random changes in a microbe's DNA
•Resistance to one drug
Conjugation in bacteria
•Extrachromosomal DNA is transferred from one bacterium to
another
•Gram-negative bacteria
•Multiple drug resistance
, Nosocomial infections
•Health care-associated infections (HAI)
Superinfection
•New infection that appears during the course of treatment for a
primary infection
•Because superinfections are caused by drug-resistant microbes,
they often are difficult to treat
Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial
Resistance
•Focus Area I: Surveillance
•Focus Area II: Prevention and Control
•Focus Area III: Research
•Focus Area IV: Product Development
Penicillin MOA
•Weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive
water and rupture
•Active only against bacteria undergoing growth and division
•Bactericidal
-beta-lactam family
*Give macrolides when pt is allergic to PCN
Three factors to bacterial resistance to PCNs
•Inability of penicillins to reach their targets
•Inactivation of penicillins by bacterial enzymes
•Production of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that have a
low affinity for penicillins
Gram-negative cell envelope
•Three layers
Questions With Complete Solutions
Drug resistant bacteria (seven listed)
-E.faecium
-Staph aureus
-Enterbacter,
-Klebsiella
-Pseudo aeruginosa
-Acine baumannii
-C. diff
Four basic actions of bacterial drug resistance
•Decrease the concentration of a drug at its site of action
•Inactivate a drug
•Alter the structure of
drug target molecules
•Produce a drug antagonist
Spontaneous mutation
•Random changes in a microbe's DNA
•Resistance to one drug
Conjugation in bacteria
•Extrachromosomal DNA is transferred from one bacterium to
another
•Gram-negative bacteria
•Multiple drug resistance
, Nosocomial infections
•Health care-associated infections (HAI)
Superinfection
•New infection that appears during the course of treatment for a
primary infection
•Because superinfections are caused by drug-resistant microbes,
they often are difficult to treat
Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial
Resistance
•Focus Area I: Surveillance
•Focus Area II: Prevention and Control
•Focus Area III: Research
•Focus Area IV: Product Development
Penicillin MOA
•Weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive
water and rupture
•Active only against bacteria undergoing growth and division
•Bactericidal
-beta-lactam family
*Give macrolides when pt is allergic to PCN
Three factors to bacterial resistance to PCNs
•Inability of penicillins to reach their targets
•Inactivation of penicillins by bacterial enzymes
•Production of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that have a
low affinity for penicillins
Gram-negative cell envelope
•Three layers
