Fluid and Electrolyte Nursing 101
Solvent -
a liquid such as water that can hold another substance in a solution
solute -
a substance that is either dissolved or suspended in a solution
isotonic solution -
a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as another solution
hypertonic solution -
a solution that has MORE solutes than another solution
hypotonic solution -
a solution that has FEWER solutes than another solution
isotonic solution example -
0.9 sodium chloride or NS is an example of _______ used in a hospital setting
electrolytes -
elements or compounds that dissolve in water and separate ions that carry an electric
current
Young Adult: 60%. Elderly: 45%. Infants: 80% -
What is the percentage of body water in a young adult, the elderly, and infants.
fluid volume deficit examples -
an infants BSA is greater than that of an adult relative to his/her weight, with that
and a high metabolism and immature kidneys, these factors put the infant at risk for
thirst mechanism -
this is triggers by the hypothalamus. as we age it becomes diminished, putting the
elderly at risk for fluid volume deficit
sodium -
what electrolyte mainly controls the distribution of water throughout the body
potassium(K+) -
what is the dominant cation in ICF?
phosphorous(PO4-) -
what is the dominant anion in ICF?
sodium(NA+) -
what is the dominant cation in ECF?
chloride(Cl-) -
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, what is the dominant anion in ECF?
2/3 -
what amount of body water is intracellular fluid?
1/3 -
what amount of body water is extracellular?
1. interstitial fluid 2. intravascular fluid -
estracellular fluid consists of two components. what are they?
1. diffusion 2. osmosis 3. filtration(hydrostatic pressure) 4. active transport(requires energy) -
what four processes do solutes and solvents move across the membranes?
osmosis -
the MOVEMENT OF WATER through a semipermeable membrane from a solution
with a LOWER solute
osmotic pressure -
what is the pulling power of a solution for water?
osmolality*the higher the osmolality, the greater the pulling power of water -
term used to express osmotic pressure
280-300mOsm/kg -
what is the normal serum osmolality level?
colloidal osmotic pressure -
the process by which large particles, such as protein. that can pull fluid from tissues
into the vessels by osmosis
diffusion -
the movement of a solute into a solution across a semipermeable membrane from an
area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration until both sides
are equal
active transport -
this requires energy to move substances across cell membranes. it allows larger
molecules to enter the cell moving these particles uphill from areas of lower concentration to
areas of higher concentration
ADH -
the hormone is manufactured in the hypothalamus and is stored in the posterior
pituitary gland. it makes the kidneys more permeable to water
aldosterone -
this hormone is released by the adrenal cortex. it causes the kidneys to absorb
sodium and water, while excreting potassium
volume expander -
2|Page
Solvent -
a liquid such as water that can hold another substance in a solution
solute -
a substance that is either dissolved or suspended in a solution
isotonic solution -
a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as another solution
hypertonic solution -
a solution that has MORE solutes than another solution
hypotonic solution -
a solution that has FEWER solutes than another solution
isotonic solution example -
0.9 sodium chloride or NS is an example of _______ used in a hospital setting
electrolytes -
elements or compounds that dissolve in water and separate ions that carry an electric
current
Young Adult: 60%. Elderly: 45%. Infants: 80% -
What is the percentage of body water in a young adult, the elderly, and infants.
fluid volume deficit examples -
an infants BSA is greater than that of an adult relative to his/her weight, with that
and a high metabolism and immature kidneys, these factors put the infant at risk for
thirst mechanism -
this is triggers by the hypothalamus. as we age it becomes diminished, putting the
elderly at risk for fluid volume deficit
sodium -
what electrolyte mainly controls the distribution of water throughout the body
potassium(K+) -
what is the dominant cation in ICF?
phosphorous(PO4-) -
what is the dominant anion in ICF?
sodium(NA+) -
what is the dominant cation in ECF?
chloride(Cl-) -
1|Page
, what is the dominant anion in ECF?
2/3 -
what amount of body water is intracellular fluid?
1/3 -
what amount of body water is extracellular?
1. interstitial fluid 2. intravascular fluid -
estracellular fluid consists of two components. what are they?
1. diffusion 2. osmosis 3. filtration(hydrostatic pressure) 4. active transport(requires energy) -
what four processes do solutes and solvents move across the membranes?
osmosis -
the MOVEMENT OF WATER through a semipermeable membrane from a solution
with a LOWER solute
osmotic pressure -
what is the pulling power of a solution for water?
osmolality*the higher the osmolality, the greater the pulling power of water -
term used to express osmotic pressure
280-300mOsm/kg -
what is the normal serum osmolality level?
colloidal osmotic pressure -
the process by which large particles, such as protein. that can pull fluid from tissues
into the vessels by osmosis
diffusion -
the movement of a solute into a solution across a semipermeable membrane from an
area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration until both sides
are equal
active transport -
this requires energy to move substances across cell membranes. it allows larger
molecules to enter the cell moving these particles uphill from areas of lower concentration to
areas of higher concentration
ADH -
the hormone is manufactured in the hypothalamus and is stored in the posterior
pituitary gland. it makes the kidneys more permeable to water
aldosterone -
this hormone is released by the adrenal cortex. it causes the kidneys to absorb
sodium and water, while excreting potassium
volume expander -
2|Page
