Chem 120 Unit 3 - Exam Solution Manual Fully Solved Latest Update 2025 (Graded A+)

Chem 120 Unit 3 - Exam Solution Manual Fully Solved Latest Update 2025 (Graded A+) Lewis dot structure - Answers diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule group number - Answers What gives the number of valence electrons? central atom - Answers What part of the molecular structure is usually the least Electronegative? C, P, N, S - Answers What are the most common central atoms? H, B, Be - Answers What three atoms do not have 8 electrons are them in the form of bonds or lone pairs? expanded octet - Answers - possible for elements in Period 3 or higher due to the presence of the d orbital - having more than 8 electrons incomplete octet - Answers central atom is content with less than 8 electrons 2 - Answers How many valence electrons does Hydrogen have? 6 - Answers How many valence electrons does Boron have? 4 - Answers How many valence electrons does Be have? VESPR theory - Answers valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, because electron pairs repel, molecules adjust their shapes so that valence electrons pairs are as far apart as possible central atom - Answers What atom can lone pairs only be on? linear - Answers What molecular geometry has two regions? trigonal planar - Answers What molecular geometry has three regions? tetrahedral - Answers What molecular geometry has four regions? 180 - Answers bond angle for linear 120 - Answers bond angle for trigonal planar 120 - Answers bond angle for trigonal planar w/ lone pair 109.5 - Answers bond angle for tetrahedral 109.5 - Answers bond angle for tetrahedral w/ lone pair 109.5 - Answers bond angle for tetrahedral w/ two lone pairs bent - Answers molecular geometry for electron geometry of tetrahedral with two lone pairs bent - Answers molecular geometry for electron geometry of trigonal planar with lone pair electronegativity - Answers What determines polarity? electronegativity trend - Answers increases up and to the right nonpolar - Answers polarity for equal pull for covalent bond polar - Answers polarity for nonequal pull for covalent bond very polar - Answers Is ionic polar or nonpolar? intramolecular forces - Answers bonding forces within a compound that hold the atoms together intermolecular forces - Answers forces of attraction between neighboring molecules/atoms intra - Answers within inter - Answers between london dispersion forces - Answers weakest IMF that exists in all substances but is the only force in nonpolar substances IMFs - Answers What increases with increasing molecular weight? dipole-dipole forces - Answers forces of attraction between polar molecules, stronger than dispersion boiling point - Answers When MW increases and strength of IMFs increase, what also increases? hydrogen bonds - Answers very strong type of dipole-dipole force; only to FON elements; very high bps ionic bond - Answers strongest IMF between a metal and a nonmetal D, DD, H, I - Answers list the IMFs from weakest to strongest by letter saturated/trans fat - Answers What type of fat is straighter in structure and packs better? unsaturated fat - Answers What type of fat does not pack well as their structure contains "bends" (at least one double bond)? 63 C - Answers What is the melting point of saturated/trans fat? -5 C - Answers What is the melting point of unsaturated fat? endothermic - Answers What type of reaction is the enthalpy of vaporization? Hvap - Answers Liquid to gas (heat of vaporization) Hfus - Answers Solid to liquid (heat of fusion) q = (m)(SH)(delta t) - Answers What is the formula for change in temperature? q = (m)(Hvap or Hfus) - Answers What is the formula for the phase change? steam because condensation heat - Answers What hurts more 100 C water or 100 C steam? temperature - Answers What does not change even when substance change phases? gas - Answers these particles have no volume and they are in constant, random motion KEavg = (3/2)RT - Answers equation for average kinetic energy of a collision of gas particles kinetic energy - Answers All gases at a given temperature have the same ________, regardless of molecular weight increases - Answers as temperature increases, velocity ______________ P = F/A - Answers pressure equaiton 273 K and 1 atm - Answers Standard temperature and pressure (STP) blood pressure - Answers depends on the amount of blood (force) and the volume of the blood vessels holding it (area) low - Answers What bp limits O2 to the brain, causing dizziness and fainting? high - Answers What bp increases risk of kidney damage, stroke, and heart attack? 80-120 - Answers normal systolic bp 60-80 - Answers normal diastolic bp decreases - Answers as pressure increases, volume ______________ P1V1 = P2V2 - Answers What is the equation for two pressures and volumes? Boyle's Law - Answers What law is related to the direct relationship between pressure and volume? Charles's Law - Answers What law is related to the direct relationship between temperature and volume? increases - Answers as temperature increases, volume ______________