CEP 261 (MSU) Final Exam
Study Guide
Drug use causes three major simultaneous changes... - ANSWER - The social and
psychological basis of the attraction to a particular drug can be explained as feeling
rewarded or satisfied because social pressures can appear to have become postponed,
momentary rectified, or neutralized and perceived as nonproblematic
- Pharmacologically, the nonmedical use of most drugs alters body chemistry largely by
interfering with its proper (homeostatic) functioning. Drugs enhance, slow down,
accelerate, or distort the reception and transmission of reality.
- The desire may satisfy an inborn or genetically programmed need or desire
There are four principal factors that affect how a drug user experiences a drug... -
ANSWER - Biological, genetic, and pharamacological factors
- Cultural factors
- Social factors
- Contextual factors
insiders - ANSWER people on the inside; those who approve of and/or use drugs
outsiders - ANSWER people on the outside; those who do not approve of and/or use
drugs
psychoactive drugs (substances) - ANSWER drug compounds (substances) that affect
the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perceptions
central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER part of the nervous system composed of the
spinal cord and brain that is responsible for integrating sensory information and
responding accordingly
addiction (1) - ANSWER generally refers to the psychological attachment to a drug(s);
addiction to "harder" drugs such as heroin results in both psychological and physical
attachment to the chemical properties of the drug, with the resulting satisfaction
(reward) derived from using the drug in question
withdrawal symptoms - ANSWER psychological and physical symptoms that result when
a drug is absent from the body; physical symptoms are generally present in cases of
drug dependence to more addictive drugs such as heroin; physical and psychological
,symptoms of withdrawal include perspiration, nausea, boredom, anxiety, and muscle
spasms
drug(s) - ANSWER any substances that modify (either by enhancing, inhibiting, or
distorting) mind and/or body functioning
licit drugs - ANSWER legalized drugs such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco
illicit drugs - ANSWER illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and LSD
over-the-counter (OTC) - ANSWER legalized drugs sold without a prescription
opioids - ANSWER drugs derived from opium
gateway drugs - ANSWER alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana - types of drugs that when
used excessively may lead to using other and more addictive drugs such as cocaine,
heroin, or crack
MDMA - ANSWER a type of illicit drug known as esctasy or Adam and having stimulant
and hallucinogenic properties
ethanol - ANSWER the pharmacological term for alcohol; a consumable type of alcohol
that is the psychoactive ingredient in alcoholic beverages; often called grain alcohol
marijuana wax - ANSWER a more recent, extremely potent cannabis product with
approximately 80% THC levels made by using butane to extract the THC, producing a
"waxy" resiude that is smoked or vaporized that is highly hallucinogenic, often resulting
in high levels of physical and mental impairment
designer drugs/synthetic drugs or synthetic opioids - ANSWER new drugs that are
developed by people intending to circumvent the illegality of a drug by modifying a drug
into a new compound (esctasy is an example)
structural analogs - ANSWER a new molecular species created by modifying the basic
molecular skeleton of a compound; structural analogs are structurally related to the
parent compound
equal-opportunity affliction - ANSWER refers to the use of drugs, stressing that drug use
cuts across all members of society regardless of income, education, occupation, social
class, or age
there are four types of drug use according to Goode... - ANSWER legal instrumental,
legal recreational, illegal instrumental, illegal recreational
legal instrumental use - ANSWER taking prescribed drugs and OTC drugs to relieve or
treat mental or physical symptoms
legal recreational use - ANSWER using such licit drugs as tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine
to achieve a certain mental or psychic state
,illegal instrumental use - ANSWER taking drugs without a prescription to accomplish a
task or goal, such as taking nonprescription amphetamines to drive through the night or
relying excessively on barbiturates to get through the day
illegal recreational use - ANSWER taking illicit drugs for fun or pleasure to experience
euphoria, such as abusing prescribed Ritalin as a substitute for cocaine
experimenters - ANSWER first category of drug users, typified as being in the initial
stages of drug use; these people often use drugs for recreational purposes
compulsive users - ANSWER second category of drug users, typified by an insatiable
attraction followed by a psychological dependence on drugs
floaters or chippers - ANSWER third category of drug users; these users vacillate
between the need for pleasure-seeking and the desire to relieve moderate to serious
psychological problems; this category of drug user has two major characteristics: (1) a
general focus mostly on using other people's drugs (often without maintaining a
personal supply of the drug) and (2) vacillation between the characteristics of chronic
drug users and experimenter types
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - ANSWER the principal federal agency
responsible for enforcing U.S. drug laws
relief phase - ANSWER satisfaction derived from escaping negative feelings by using the
drug
increased use phase - ANSWER taking increasing quantities of the drug
preoccupation phase - ANSWER constant concern with the supply of the drug
dependency phase - ANSWER synonym for addiction
withdrawal phase - ANSWER physical and/or psychological effects derived from not
using the drug
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) - ANSWER the principal federal agency
responsible for directing research related to drug use and abuse
needle-exchange programs - ANSWER publicly funded programs that distribute new,
uncontaminated needles to drug addicts in exchange for used injection needles in order
to prevent the spread of HIV and hepatitis B and C
drug cartels - ANSWER large, highly sophisticated organizations composed of multiple
drug-trafficking organizations (DTOs) and cells with specific assignments, such as drug
transportation, security/enforcement, or money laundering
drug cells - ANSWER similar to terrorist cells, consisting of only three to five members to
ensure operational security; members of adjacent drug cells usually do not know each
other or the identity of their leadership
, drug testing - ANSWER urine, blood screening, or hair analysis used to identify those
who may be using drugs
employee assistance programs (EAPs) - ANSWER drug assistance programs for
drug-dependent employees
oral fluids - ANSWER oral fluid testing analyzes a saliva sample for drugs of abuse and
their metabolites
sweat - ANSWER sweat is used for drug testing; a skin patch is used to absorb sweat
that is analyzed for the presence of cocaine, marijuana, opiates, amphetamine,
methamphetamine, and PCP
holistic self-awareness approach - ANSWER emphasizes that nonmedical and often
recreational drug use interferes with the healthy balance among the mind, the body, and
the spirit
substance use disorder - ANSWER the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, used by clinicians and
psychiatrists for diagnosing mental disorders, combines substance abuse and
substance dependence into a single condition called...
why do people take drugs? - ANSWER - people may be searching for pleasure
- drugs may relieve stress or tension or provide a temporary escape for people with
excessive anxieties or severe depression
- peer pressure is a strong influence, especially for young people
- in some cases, drugs may enhance religious or mystical experiences
- drugs are used to enhance recreational pursuits, such as the popular use of ecstasy at
raves and music festivals
- some believe that illicit use of drugs can enhance work performance, such as the use
of cocaine by stockbrokers, office workers, and lawyers
- drugs (primarily performance-enhancing drugs) can be used to improve athletic
performance
- drugs can relieve pain and the symptoms of an illness
addiction (2) - ANSWER a complex disease; a state of periodic or chronic intoxication
detrimental to the individual and society, which is characterized by an overwhelming
desire to continue taking the drug and to obtain it by any means; compulsive, at times
uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persists even in the face of
extremely negative consequences
substance-induced disorders (addictive disorders) - ANSWER a type of
substance-related disorder that involves problems caused by the direct effects of a
Study Guide
Drug use causes three major simultaneous changes... - ANSWER - The social and
psychological basis of the attraction to a particular drug can be explained as feeling
rewarded or satisfied because social pressures can appear to have become postponed,
momentary rectified, or neutralized and perceived as nonproblematic
- Pharmacologically, the nonmedical use of most drugs alters body chemistry largely by
interfering with its proper (homeostatic) functioning. Drugs enhance, slow down,
accelerate, or distort the reception and transmission of reality.
- The desire may satisfy an inborn or genetically programmed need or desire
There are four principal factors that affect how a drug user experiences a drug... -
ANSWER - Biological, genetic, and pharamacological factors
- Cultural factors
- Social factors
- Contextual factors
insiders - ANSWER people on the inside; those who approve of and/or use drugs
outsiders - ANSWER people on the outside; those who do not approve of and/or use
drugs
psychoactive drugs (substances) - ANSWER drug compounds (substances) that affect
the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perceptions
central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER part of the nervous system composed of the
spinal cord and brain that is responsible for integrating sensory information and
responding accordingly
addiction (1) - ANSWER generally refers to the psychological attachment to a drug(s);
addiction to "harder" drugs such as heroin results in both psychological and physical
attachment to the chemical properties of the drug, with the resulting satisfaction
(reward) derived from using the drug in question
withdrawal symptoms - ANSWER psychological and physical symptoms that result when
a drug is absent from the body; physical symptoms are generally present in cases of
drug dependence to more addictive drugs such as heroin; physical and psychological
,symptoms of withdrawal include perspiration, nausea, boredom, anxiety, and muscle
spasms
drug(s) - ANSWER any substances that modify (either by enhancing, inhibiting, or
distorting) mind and/or body functioning
licit drugs - ANSWER legalized drugs such as coffee, alcohol, and tobacco
illicit drugs - ANSWER illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and LSD
over-the-counter (OTC) - ANSWER legalized drugs sold without a prescription
opioids - ANSWER drugs derived from opium
gateway drugs - ANSWER alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana - types of drugs that when
used excessively may lead to using other and more addictive drugs such as cocaine,
heroin, or crack
MDMA - ANSWER a type of illicit drug known as esctasy or Adam and having stimulant
and hallucinogenic properties
ethanol - ANSWER the pharmacological term for alcohol; a consumable type of alcohol
that is the psychoactive ingredient in alcoholic beverages; often called grain alcohol
marijuana wax - ANSWER a more recent, extremely potent cannabis product with
approximately 80% THC levels made by using butane to extract the THC, producing a
"waxy" resiude that is smoked or vaporized that is highly hallucinogenic, often resulting
in high levels of physical and mental impairment
designer drugs/synthetic drugs or synthetic opioids - ANSWER new drugs that are
developed by people intending to circumvent the illegality of a drug by modifying a drug
into a new compound (esctasy is an example)
structural analogs - ANSWER a new molecular species created by modifying the basic
molecular skeleton of a compound; structural analogs are structurally related to the
parent compound
equal-opportunity affliction - ANSWER refers to the use of drugs, stressing that drug use
cuts across all members of society regardless of income, education, occupation, social
class, or age
there are four types of drug use according to Goode... - ANSWER legal instrumental,
legal recreational, illegal instrumental, illegal recreational
legal instrumental use - ANSWER taking prescribed drugs and OTC drugs to relieve or
treat mental or physical symptoms
legal recreational use - ANSWER using such licit drugs as tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine
to achieve a certain mental or psychic state
,illegal instrumental use - ANSWER taking drugs without a prescription to accomplish a
task or goal, such as taking nonprescription amphetamines to drive through the night or
relying excessively on barbiturates to get through the day
illegal recreational use - ANSWER taking illicit drugs for fun or pleasure to experience
euphoria, such as abusing prescribed Ritalin as a substitute for cocaine
experimenters - ANSWER first category of drug users, typified as being in the initial
stages of drug use; these people often use drugs for recreational purposes
compulsive users - ANSWER second category of drug users, typified by an insatiable
attraction followed by a psychological dependence on drugs
floaters or chippers - ANSWER third category of drug users; these users vacillate
between the need for pleasure-seeking and the desire to relieve moderate to serious
psychological problems; this category of drug user has two major characteristics: (1) a
general focus mostly on using other people's drugs (often without maintaining a
personal supply of the drug) and (2) vacillation between the characteristics of chronic
drug users and experimenter types
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) - ANSWER the principal federal agency
responsible for enforcing U.S. drug laws
relief phase - ANSWER satisfaction derived from escaping negative feelings by using the
drug
increased use phase - ANSWER taking increasing quantities of the drug
preoccupation phase - ANSWER constant concern with the supply of the drug
dependency phase - ANSWER synonym for addiction
withdrawal phase - ANSWER physical and/or psychological effects derived from not
using the drug
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) - ANSWER the principal federal agency
responsible for directing research related to drug use and abuse
needle-exchange programs - ANSWER publicly funded programs that distribute new,
uncontaminated needles to drug addicts in exchange for used injection needles in order
to prevent the spread of HIV and hepatitis B and C
drug cartels - ANSWER large, highly sophisticated organizations composed of multiple
drug-trafficking organizations (DTOs) and cells with specific assignments, such as drug
transportation, security/enforcement, or money laundering
drug cells - ANSWER similar to terrorist cells, consisting of only three to five members to
ensure operational security; members of adjacent drug cells usually do not know each
other or the identity of their leadership
, drug testing - ANSWER urine, blood screening, or hair analysis used to identify those
who may be using drugs
employee assistance programs (EAPs) - ANSWER drug assistance programs for
drug-dependent employees
oral fluids - ANSWER oral fluid testing analyzes a saliva sample for drugs of abuse and
their metabolites
sweat - ANSWER sweat is used for drug testing; a skin patch is used to absorb sweat
that is analyzed for the presence of cocaine, marijuana, opiates, amphetamine,
methamphetamine, and PCP
holistic self-awareness approach - ANSWER emphasizes that nonmedical and often
recreational drug use interferes with the healthy balance among the mind, the body, and
the spirit
substance use disorder - ANSWER the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, used by clinicians and
psychiatrists for diagnosing mental disorders, combines substance abuse and
substance dependence into a single condition called...
why do people take drugs? - ANSWER - people may be searching for pleasure
- drugs may relieve stress or tension or provide a temporary escape for people with
excessive anxieties or severe depression
- peer pressure is a strong influence, especially for young people
- in some cases, drugs may enhance religious or mystical experiences
- drugs are used to enhance recreational pursuits, such as the popular use of ecstasy at
raves and music festivals
- some believe that illicit use of drugs can enhance work performance, such as the use
of cocaine by stockbrokers, office workers, and lawyers
- drugs (primarily performance-enhancing drugs) can be used to improve athletic
performance
- drugs can relieve pain and the symptoms of an illness
addiction (2) - ANSWER a complex disease; a state of periodic or chronic intoxication
detrimental to the individual and society, which is characterized by an overwhelming
desire to continue taking the drug and to obtain it by any means; compulsive, at times
uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persists even in the face of
extremely negative consequences
substance-induced disorders (addictive disorders) - ANSWER a type of
substance-related disorder that involves problems caused by the direct effects of a
